-~ - r - revolution.? INTROUCTION TO ESIAYS ON TH1E WEST INDIAN REVOLUTION - b>, G. 0osh #ontlnidng ail erles ai social- politica comments M dnevoson Guyana Pnd ti.» W.ut hii. hIthe. Weut idie 0acwious bt ïilbticl l sanree1 amio therd ositingi-agi ta W revlutionorystgle sweep-ou ainatiirstatii. ofCarbbean e wiiave eenriaisthe Jmaia, dothenhtonpildadl, rerex- amio indtir.posiion Wes mdi tndereaciieory nd colwi iti imperialîsm ln Guyana. The. Wst Indian masses have been fed a dream wiicii, iacod with the .ahou ligiit ai reaity, hmk boon slowly dissipati ng jfrom tii.ir consciousn.ess. Tii.> have boon taught ta b. lieve tiiat tiiey have boon led by block governmonts ln Independont caun- btaugihot e athw. weeu- lilotii hmeopleintothe th.warl w weeinand- irl e nt ulingh and col blcroas, hapyamirteelbod But w. wiio have suiiered Icnow thus lu notbing but a skillfully- woven tissu, ofi îes, whiçh là, begnu ta dawn on us.'Our West lndin ociet>, i. riddled witiiclam and caste distinct- ions, -ur worlcers are paid star- vation wag"s ur governments cre provincial and politicaîlly unimaginative. Testimony ai this psyciio-sociological Beill l in the rumber, ever incroasîng, of West Indian omigrants wiio have fled t. Northi Amrca and En ýond tescape the. tropi- ln Jamica, the peasnt and thi. urban wag4ers eke out a ten- uous existence under sociall1y repugnat conditions, oeil> eaed teMpormîl>, wiin morn more fer- tiuatoe relative helps them ta omigrcte t. another country, wiere the y iwiabiy face pré- ludce andexperlence the limbo- 11k.ex ncno f delised alions ln aiorign land. But the West Indion masses, con- tmy ta 4 opes amibol of thir e-cherous leadrs, are m foe. Tiieexampie of Cu- ba's aevolution has touched tiem ume deeply thion *on thoy will allow tim sta admit. Con- ditions ln the. Wost WI«de and Guyawberefore ign Int«edt an=pIulit monopolies are burgonng, are reaching tiie couçIal.stgewier. the marne conbeqIn u liberatkQ roe of, Lt mental"YOZ3<poring thi pàWsblitMes ofaachange. in J«oeic, t4i conditions are rip- *Mmngforoemed A n GUYanaý, tiü.stffl eîdbeon oeaiid lOng «».,but ttiia, ta, lhm bon .tymhed - tempororiy. -But nover at en i hmhave. tii. Arnoagthe. moy finirru 040grupsofWest rnd an ariq, ~ti .tendency bhm been tebcorne preoccupied witb the blaclc-white syndfrome bnd ta concern tiiemselves toc, much with compoting ta sâee who can but verbolly combat the white mon, and Ignore the. importent trends in their various countries. Jamaica In 1968 siiattered many complacent cocoons oi well- being in the. Caribbean spiiere. The. riais over Dr. Rodney's ex- clusion fram Jamaica the. In- c&.asing police brutal'ty, the. rising militance of Wst Indien students, unii.arI of even a yeoe aga, and me repressive direction of the. puppet Guyan- ose government has stirred the Wst Indien masses. They are naw boginning ta, wond.r about tli.ir leaders. As the. liboration movement gain stsre ngthIin Lat- in Amorica and the. oIiorciis p t onthir pressure, theWoit Ininmasses arestrIng tu, look eat tli.ir previcusl>, mucii- touted leader witii oritical eyos. Tii. throwing t -gti1e--- arg m moesai Wst Inian mmi tns in laind, the. United States un anada and tiieir suIbse unt encountors with race ýpro jdi are forcing tiiem tu, tiink. Jam- aican and Guyanoeoend Trini- dadian receivo sirnilar treatmnent In allen lands and they bogin te se. that the. samo people who deny tiom full righis abrod ame the smre pooplo Who àre ex01it-r Ing thoir countries and controi-' ling thoir leaders ut home. This aes as a wond.rfi crucible ta mix the potontially reolution- or>, ciaracleristics ai the exile West Indian communty. Forcod by stringent Immigration laws ta Beo a hiigii intollectual and sklllld standards olso aids tiie Immigrant ta wonder wiy theo capitulist oxploiters menugod te getaoway wifh somuciiet hyo whilo tii>,, the. exploit.d, r.- ceive the. otiier end ai the. stic In the. capitalists' countries. Thom, is, however, a dangerous direction this discontent con tWlu. ltIs ecsyfor thie WstIn- dieImiran,Inveriably non- tlwough a block-wliite nrom. He wili 4*n unintentional sy bypces and .asiv b. led dowti0» non- wuestF,. oacdtions fthet face us et home cre largel> socia political. ThmeIs a definite i.d fer an educaional, pl- tical movepient ta redirect thus aninmoetyand dbidence inte Among tii.students tii.,. is 7 atpotentlal for the. iorging and Guyana. No logpr mst wu heur o, Trinidad-Coi ian Sd J.mui-m- tamerle ultur- ai movement butao politica movement em;&acnotii.wiole of du .W..t ioles, wiich wlill heu1 n the .Q fIoi ln 1953 Guayana hWd the moit advanced constitution in the Britishi West 1ndie. Goneral electians und.r tiitot onstitu- tion wer. iield in 1953 and the. i5opular Peoples' Progressive Party, undor the. leadershiip ai Ciieddi Bharat Jugan, a young d.ntist af peasant origin, won b>, a landslide. This victor>, represented a vic- tory for ti. people, tiie broad massai working dloss elements agoinst ithe forcerai reaction, King Sugar and bourgeois in- dolence. Jagan's victary was significant in that the. two maj- or race groups, the. East Indians and the. Airicans, were united as neyer before beiiind him. Within weeks Jagan's govern- ment was overtiirown, the. con- stitution revoked a nd British .Marines sent tu keep the nat- ives in their place. There were domonstraiions in the streets and the. people called for res- istance, and Jugan and tome ai his ministers were jailed for subversion. The farces of big business and reaction iiad suc- ceeded in once more delaylng the. people. Mhis was the. major tuming point in the Guyana Uberatian Movè- ment.Th. PPPwhich thon hud the masses behind as nover b.- foreoand nover again) refused ta take thé, ultimate stop of hrue rev- olutionairy parties and defend the. peuples' victory.As a remidt af the. PPPs heitation ta oethe i road of cm...d shTunte at an his- toriemsxw. nt the. ensmios .1 the r egined the -uppor ibnd. parcmo e l.ni.nts In ths PPP rallied round Farbes Bwnhurn wliobroke away .d oined witb fhe moct ourgeois Nat- ional De.nmoaic at #a leaders Included John Cairter, aut pr«e.nt Guyana's ambassador ta, tiie US Sed~ Canada wiio expres- ed bis mronly pro-American vlows in Ro Otley's book IlNo Green Ptw.s") wiiich luter b.- cane i Peuples' National Con- As a r« ofsait ai uns trecii- e,>,, the. peuple, aid.d by Imp- eri r% nts, relliedacround hua PP. T li g gol a bloolsI.iuid Bunhàm. Thé way IsW fé it*tom' <goinst the L ib- eiWbà Iv6m-f tlWough the. ffle 3 Neveilos, despîto tus roc- li division ln the people and its suboaqunt coneéquences for the Lîboration Movomont, a large residue oi dedicated hard mor bloclks stayed wlthin thie PPP. Many still clardestinely suppot the PPP ta tuis day. Had the Peoples' Progressive Party et thi crucial h istoric phase ln 1953, as a party exer- ted its discipline on the. divisive racial element and Initiated an ormed 'resistance against the.Bri- tish occupation forces wile the. people were tagetiier and poili- tlcally ready, the histar>, of Guyanais stru<ygle woul d have been aiered drasticaîl>,. Howev;er the PPP as a vanguard Party hai len inta (and with- out evîdence ta the. contrary, still romains ln) the. restrictive proces aitiiinking their victor>, con came out ai the ballot box. Tii.>, hd becomo, asaon elo- quent Jamaican peasant iios put it, "X-idiots". Histor> ai the. Pest decados hma sbown (rbonz ln Guatemala, for example) that no peoplos' Party con hose ta came ta pow- or In thus hemisphere, proacii and attempt ta practice reform and uta>, ln power. The United Sfates ln is medievai-typo monsde acin ibrtien move- monts soos ta thus. De ito the iact that the Peoples' >roress8- ive Party bas repoatedl>, won el- ections witii a majarity, is pow- or ta rul. the. country effectivel>, kw& ben consistontly cstratod culmlnating ln the rigged olect- oral $ystom ai 1964 when '"prop- Ortional rêpresentation" was ln- troducod. Thé PPP's mistake and Guyanais sufforing kws been due ta the Plarty's infFectiveness ln deal- Ing wath the. divide-acnd-rule concept iostered b>, Imperialism. Once tuis diciiotomy had been perlorm.d on the black and In- dian working clans, It eased the. forces oi reaction inta pramin- once. This lu testimany ofi miv- ote and uhorsigitednsu an the part ai the. Guyana Loft ln r.- à"rd ta power pal itici. Ti.196 Os saw an Incroaso ta iianendow proportions ai polii- cdl violence ln Guycne. Arm.d goupe had beon iormed witin the. oppsi parties, large 1> composedayuis o> . llevin ln thiefr youthlulidoi- [arn that the>, would b. the. van- guard ln a true social lut revolu- tien. I the. PNC thei. mdgru the. noteriasNX..1310, ackd b> US mperilIon. As for bock cma 1960 agonis ofIlmperiaiihm wore ovorseeing the. poosibîlit>, of cre- atlne a para-militar>, opposition ta Choddi Jagan. Afew ofthie mlr political members oai ts X-13, sensingtHie>, w*re golrq taobe misued,aond fuWtdb restreints on their tiougis 'loft the organization ond ;storoeir Co away. Wut tut waS as fer as the>, wnt. instoo clignlng thenuelves wlitii.proresIve forces ln the.PYO, *iePPPs youtiimm -, tV n rmkoin ules-.