THE MARINE RECOPD. ^he $Iarine Record, U'ubtlthMl Every Thnnular at 1M Superior Street, [Leader Building,] A, A. POHEROT, Editor and Proprietor. T1JRMB OF SUIlSCrtlPTlOKl Ooo year, postaje paid,.. .......,.............82.00 Blx months, pottage paid ............„...................1.00 Invariably In advance. hubscrlptlona will In continued until ordered atop- ped by a written order, or at the publication office' ; The MARINE RECORD can be found tor uli by the following now a dealera.. CLEVELAND, 011IO-0 FBewman, corner ol Petri M and Datrolt, atreata.' CHICAOO, ILL - Joeoph Orljr, No. 0 Writ Randolph street. BUFFALO, Ks,y— C Rohmor, Michigan atreet Swing Bridge SARNIA, ONT -D. M. McMaBter 4 Co. EfCANABA, MICH,-William Godley. MANISTEE, JIICIL-J E. 8omerTlllo Arllclc|, letlora and queries on all subjecte are aollcl- tod ADVERTISING RATES. Ten cents per line, nonpareil mcaaurement, or 81.20 per Inch, each lneertloo, lour weele 81 00, with a liberal discount on ordera amounting to 840 00 or over All chocks and drofta should be drawn to the order 'Bf A A Poraeroy. Entered'at the Post QfQcfttt Cleveland as aeoond. class mail matter. CLEVELAND, OHIO, THURSDAY, AUliUSf 7, 1884 BREAKWATER EXTENSION. The action of the Cleveland Board of Trnde last week has again brought up the brenkwiiter question, and In un entirely llSw form. Some time ago Unit body appointed a cnmmltee to look over the ground and take counsel In the mutter, and last week this committee muJe Us report, recommending- the extension of tlie breakwater eastward to near the shore, In order to protect property on the lake front east of the harbor entrance at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river. All w ho have given any attention to the matter mil readily admtt the advisability of such a work, A J>r«akwater eastward along the lake front Is a necessity, alike to the city and to navigation, thereforethe possibility of the work It the paramount question, and the re¬ port of the com ml I tee of the Board of Trade Is most Important in that question which presents a solution on this point, The In¬ tention has been, and Is at present, to extend the east pier fourteen hundred feet Into the lake, In order to complete the plan for a har¬ bor of refuge inoluded in the breakwater already finished. It Is well known to nnvl- gatois that in Its present state the break¬ water mskcB the entrance to the harbor very hazardous in rough weather, but answers the purpose of n protection to the railroad emuinkmentsadmlrnbij. Ills well enough to ptotect the property of railroads from the ravages of the lakes, but we are not pre- paied to acknowledge the Justice of charg¬ ing such expen«lve works to the account of harbor improvements, when, In reality, tho utmost streich ol imagination van not endow the structure In its present shape with Unit virtue. For Instance, there Is a strong cur¬ rent and undertow running down along the breakwater and across the mouth of the river, as the deposit of sand, etc., directly oil ilie end of the east pier, on which many vessels have stuck, both In arilvlng and depiiulng, testify, and which njakes, as we said before, the attempt to enter llie harbor during the prevalence of aetormexceedingly hazardous, In fact, much more difficult than boloro tho brenknliter exUtcd. Wo are inclined to*' think this eflect wusseen by the government engineers, but whether It was or not, it has for a long time been known, hence the ques¬ tion of extending the east pier far enough . Into the lake to have more room for entrance, as a meant of counterjictfng the currents, has long been advopaled, but which would probably leave^tfie harbor with much the same objection as now obiains, that it, in- steudnf the current carrying, vessels, trying to make the harbor, on the beach at the rail¬ road docks, It would carry them against the extended east pier and pound them to pieces. The plan of extending the breakwater east- w ard to near the ahoro hat been advocated by vessel ownera and business men at a means of making the basin available to the ptirpo^ (or which It was, intended, and seems to us feasible and good, and should be pushed to an early Issue. To take up the breakwntcr at inch point as might seem beet, after leaving a sufficient area for entrance to the harbor, and extend It along the lake front cart, would confer many and largo benefits upon the city, and obviate at tho same time tho present lilt of tho harbor. The commit' tee that has reported on the question enum¬ erates as benefits the protection of the shore lino east of the river, the ability of the city to make aorot of new and available land, the extension ol the Lake Shore Park to n, front¬ age on deep water, thus giving our oltlzent an opportunity tor healthful, aquatla sports, bathing and boating In stimmor, nnd skating In winter, all of which are how unattainable, Great advantages would result to shipping facilities in many ways, and more Important than all, a complete harbor of refuge would 1)0 formed, exceeding In extent and safety any on the whole chain of lakes. The roportjjf the committee w as put Into the form of res¬ olutions, urging the matter upon the atten¬ tion of Congress, and passed.. At abovo stated, there Is but one side to the question, so far as desirability Is concerned. To make the harbor complete a further expenso must be entailed. To turn that expense Into a different channel and accumpllsh the same, purpose is entirely reasonable. There are always adversaries to every new measuie advanced In the way of river and harbor Im¬ provements, but this one teems altogether unassailable; Now, it Is known that In the present basin we have 2,700 feet between the land line and the breakwater, and the owners of the land fronting on this boundary have long cast greedy eyes upon this apparently tine- less body of water, and have secured signa¬ tures to a petition asking the Secretary of the Treasury to grant them pormlssion to build docks Into the basin 1,500 feet, proba- bly~S00TeBrmore^imliey^eslre~d,Tirid~the Secretary has .granted them the 1,000 feet that they had In mind to secure, which will rendertho basin stIII more useless as a moor¬ ing ground or- harbor ot refuge. As It Is now, any \essel master standing off the har¬ bor would very much preler going to an¬ chor In the open sea than enter the basin when he sees there two vessels- at anchor. We Insist that five hundred fuet of (he pres¬ ent basin to bo given up to land owners la quite too much, but If they want 1,000 feet let them dig and dredge for It In their own land pessettlons, as it Is not the province of the government 10 donate to Individuals property for the advancement of their own business Interests, especially at the expense of the maritime interests of the country. While discussing the subjeet of break wv tcrs there Is another phaso of the matter whloh wo think will be found worthy of consideration. Tho arms or the structure should be left open at either end, that Is at the east and west, sufficiently to admit of the passage of a vessel, and also be provided with an Independent L to break the waves and facilitate tho current in the water. Clear suiter in I ho lake, as well as elsewhere, results from motion or current that keeps it uctlve, consequently to btillc) an enclosure around some hundreds ol acres that Will tend to stagnate the water Inside Is dearly going against sound sanitary princi¬ ples, » And when a large and filthy river en¬ ters inio that enclosure the danger of mak¬ ing It Impure Is doubly enhanced. This con¬ dition of tilings lias been brought about, to a certain extent, by the continued dredging up the river, leaving no fall to Its course for n number of miles, and the breakwater, as it stands at present, tends to confirm tho evil. The arm of the stpHett^re, reaching as far eastward -as the mouth of the ilver, and en¬ tirely closing tho water to the westward against the motion In the lake, cuts off the natural eastward flow of the unlet;from the river, at least until the river water can make Its way, reinforced by copious showers, out iplo the lake beyond the spur of the break, water. By examining the water Irom the extreme end of the piers,'or from the break¬ water, the niuikv Btream from the river and the cle.ir water from tho lake may be dis¬ tinguished by a clearly defined line. Belnre the breakwater was built the stream of Im¬ pure water seldom extended Into the lake 'such a distance, «howlng that the new struc¬ ture breaks the natural Current of the lake that formerly took tho river water off to the eastward much more rapidly. In ordinary weather clear water could formerly be found eastward of the river at no great dlstnnco from the shore, while now thti lake Is Im¬ pure and covered with the foulness of the river1-fully a uiHu out, anywhere between the mouth of the river and Case avenutf. Moreov6r, with a large area of water west¬ ward ot the river inoloted by'the brenkwator, it stands to reason that there Is no current In that expanse, for there is nothing but tho wind to make a current. It U an established fact that wind produces ourrenls when It has a sufficient expanse of water to operate upon, and which assists the natural ourrent of the lakes from Superior tluougli Erie. -A north- oast w Ind, therefore, having no counter cur¬ rent to contend against, Is very likely to tet the river water back Intothoalreadyttagiiant body of water Inclosed by the breakwater. Whether these, conditions had "anything to do with causing the recent excessive impur¬ ity of the Cuyahoga we are not prepared to say. It will be well enough, however, to take this subject under consideration while the new extension is being discussed and give us, not only a Healthy body ol water, but a basin that will be a harbor ol tefugo in fact ns well as In namo. GEORGIAN BAT. Although the old charts of Georgian Bay were well taken and very useful to the present time the many unmarked dangers that have recently presented themselves to navlgatois, and by which many lives and ships have been lost, induced tho Canadian government lo take immediate steps toward perfecting anew chart, and a surveying party is at woik taking comprehensive soundings. Captain A. M.rMcGregor, an old Georgian Bay. pilot, Is in command of the party. Work was begun last spring at Klllarnuy, a small village on the main land, and the expedition It now at work near the. Isle of Cones. An attempt will be made to complete the survey of the entrance to Georgian Bay this season so that a chart of that portion may be pub¬ lished at once, and if the wrecks at present visible at Cape Hard prove anything, this part qf the chart will be a great boon to lake navlgatois. Sounding In the open bay ate taken from the stem of the survey steamer, where an engine for winding up the sound¬ ing line is situated. In buys anil harbors they are taken Irom a boat rowed by four oarsmen. The soundings are made In lines every third ot a mile, and closer together when the bottom shows indications of belqg dangerous. When the weather is flrre° fifty miles of soundings are taken In a single day, but the average day's work is somewhat less. It la probable that the complotocjiartwlll be out In about five years, but every year the part completed during the summer will be published so as to give pilots the benefit of all recent dlscoverlqs. Further evidence of the need of harhot police comes to us this week in the tact that a captain was assiiltcU on his own Hchooner for mukltig an eflort to dispose of a loafei, and a prlzo package vendor robbed of his wares on the docks In Chicago. We do not desire our readers to think that snilot men are the ones pointed uD In these articles, but a gang of tramps who Invest the 'docks and markets where vessels tie up, and who are without the slightest suspicion of a coil- science as to the baleful eflects of wrong do¬ ing._____________________ The committee appointed by the Senate at the last session of Congress tor tho ptti- pose of Inspecting the shipyards, and steel producing Interests of the country as they affect the shipbuilding Interests, consisting of Senators Haw loy, of Connectlcutt; Miller, of Ciilllornla, Aldrlch, of Rhode Island; But¬ ler, South Catollna, and Morgan, of Ala¬ bama, met in New York City yesterday for the purpose of organizing for the work on band, aqd will at once proceed on their travels. They will proparo a report for pre¬ sentation, to tl|6 Senate at the opening of the next session of Congress. The lighthouse board lias issued lnstuc- tlonsfor tho re-establlehment of the land Erie lighthouse on the original site. The Niagara Falls Giuutte says that the Maid of the Mist will not be built by Buflnlo parties, but tho contract has been awarded to J*C. White of Pprt*Robinson. Tho keel Is to be laid at once. Messrs. Carter and L. Blond, lor whom the boat is building, ex¬ pect to have some interesting exercise. THE SCIENTIFIC SHIP. —■» LooKroRT, July 81. To the Editor of the Martne Record: Dear Sir—Tho, article credited to the Brooklyn Eagleln your Issue of the 17th In¬ stant, "Sailing tho Waters," Is Instructive and points to the many practical arguments that have been produced in the "long-time mooted questions, both nf sa'ety and speed, In marine propulsion. They are valuable ones, and It is well lo reproduce them. Each of them causes Ideas looking to the future possible. What was their aim? Apparently they aim to get the greatest degree of speed at the lowest cost of power. There are many things to take Into consid¬ eration belore this can be attained In per¬ fection. Rowing, sculling and puddling are primitive motlbns, but the last mentioned comes the nearest to direct action In propul¬ sion, i. e., a vertical hold In the water by the blade, anc It moved In line of passage. This has In it the true and scientific principles of propulsion. When the greatest .degree of speed Is attained at the lowest costal power, it will be by a device bused on these princi¬ ples. This device must be protected from harm from all natural causes. Your edito¬ rial In the Issue of your paper ot the 24th Instant is to the point, and clearly Indicates, the necessity for more economical propul- slon. But how is this to be attained? First, the resistance to the passage through the water must be reduced to its minimum. There are two principles which w ill do that. One Is to give a vessel a form best possible to pass the water. The other Is to reduce the vVelght as low as possible so as to displace the smallest quantity of water. Can title be done with vessels as now formed ? Jt csn not. As they come from the hands of the builders they areas staunch as they ever can be, but can not be used without ballast, or load, having no stability. Steamers often have to go from port to port without load. To take in and discharge ballast is quite ex¬ pensive, to sny nothing about loss of time. Suppose two vessel* of equal displacement, light, with 2,000 tons displacement, each, were required to cross the ocean, and one could go as she was, and the other could not, until she took In 2,000 tonB ot ballast to give her stability. Site would then have 4,000 tons' displacement, and If 2,000 more In cost had to be added, she w otild then, on starting, have. 0,000 tons dls|dacement. The first - mentioned vessel would need only about one-third the quantity of coal, as her dis¬ placement would be so much less, only 2,000 tons; add to that 700 tons of coal, her dis¬ placement at the start would be but 2,750 tons, against the othci's 0,000. Probably the 6,000 tons would give the vessel twenty- five feet draft of water, and it of the same mould, the one with 2,750 tons displacement would not draw over ten leet. It requires much im.ie power to displnce water at twenty the tt-etdeep than it does at ten, qn account of the ■dlfterencu In pressure. It can be seen at a glance, supposing that both vessels weie of the same mould and equal powei, the great udvantage the light one has over the oilier, She would be at no ex¬ pense fot ballast, and lose no time on ac¬ count of It. and her displacement resistance would be tno-thlrds less. You point, la your editorial of the 24th instant, to the great resistance now met, and until this cau be reduced great speed can not economi¬ cally be had. In my article In your paper of the 10th tilt. I say in relation to the salety ship that I am writing up, "In fact her sta¬ bility will be at Its acme when she hns no load. Of course It would follow that her speed was also at Its acme." She lepresents the first mentioned above, light. I am now an old man, and my life has been one of experiment and observation. I have witnessed many of the experiments o( others. I have weighed eveiy argument that I have met. All that Is scientific and truthful I have In the safety ship, and no man can dispute them. Steadiness, stability In rough times, is one of the best aids for speed. This she, the salety ship, has to per¬ fection. 'Auxiliary (ails Isanothcr great aid to speed. My ship tins these In perfection, and set low, on .principles that give the greatest power. The best time to use aux¬ iliary sails Is when the wind Is forward of (be beam, from the fact that the motion derived from the steam Increases the wind power on the sails. On the contrary, the wind aft the beam, the steam motion 0