L/ THE MARINipflECORD MARINE LAW.' Ptfuni Btprtulu Jot l\, Marint ItKdrd. ' shipwrecked pnorunTv.- Tlio old English doctrine with regard to property fnst ty shipwreck was, that nil such property bconino the property." of the king." Aft the civilization of the world progressed this doctrine came to ,bd/ repugnant to tho ■ eonso of justice of both tho people, rind.tlin courts'. No nubatiuitlnl reason could bo ad¬ vanced why In such esses tho property-should become lost t» tho ownorHuti vest In the sovereign'. This gavo rise ton statute, In tho rolgn of ..Edward I., whloh provldod that in case any live thing, either man or animal, escaped from the wreck, It should not be ad¬ judged a legal wreck, and In such- cases the property should remain in the ownor, and he was at liberty to reclaim his proporty at any time within a year and a day. This is tho ' English doctrine to this day. Yet It hardly seems reasonable that the eicapo of a dog.or a cat should be tiro ground for the retention of proporty, or-the loss ola dog or a cat the forfeiture of tl|e right of pioporty. The only rational ground for forfeiture would seem to be the inability of the claimant to prove ownership.' Tho KDinan law allowed the owners to claim and provo proporty in all such oases, and In this respect was far ahead of tho Common or English law. The Amor: lean courts have adopted the just principle laid down In the Roman law, that the goods I shall'bfl lield subject to the rightof the own¬ er to prove his property and reclaim the fume at any time within the space of one _ year, and if they are not claimed they become the property of the State. Theowijer In or¬ der to recover Ills property must 'proVjb his ownership and pay all reasonable charges, for salvage. Most of tiro States which touch navigable waters have enacted statutes lay¬ ing down rules governing thoso who engage , in wrecking, and also the disposition to be made of goods recovered from the wreck or found uponSJie shore, and to them must we look for dlrecwms upon thlspofnt: Itrsome 1 Slates, the goods, if not reclaimed after the expiration of a year, will be sold and the proceeds divided equally betwetm the flnilor and the poor of tho 'town, and probably In •tijQselSKitos where tliorc are no Btatutes u|>- on tho BubjeoT'all^aifsrtreasuiiUmvejiiul eslrays belong to the finder. In case of In¬ surance, whero tlic vessel is a total wreck the property which may wash ashore, or bo rescued from the sea becomes the property of the Insurance company subject to the. right o/.tno finder lo salvage. The same is tniolii case of a hypothecation of the vessel Aiitl cargo, which Is a species of marine In¬ surance for the consideration of marine in¬ terest. To this, consisting as it does, largely of sketches of historical facts, may be added a brief actoiilit of some other of tho peculiari¬ ties ot tho English law with regard to wreoks. If they remained at sea they were denominated by tho names ffofam jetmm or ligaii jetiam. Is wlioro goods are/cast Into . the sea and there sink and remain at the bot¬ tom of the sea. Flotsam Is where tliW re¬ main swimming around on tho 5urfiteiy(iritl Wjan is whero they are sunk but are lied ii buoy that they ninfolr-discovercd. Tltae under tho old. English laV, betanjttij the king, unlcRS the owner afipetir andclalm them, but If they bo cast overboard without any buoy or mark the owner la supposed to have renounced hie property In them. These thlugs, then, not being a |;art of tho wreck, will not pass by the sfilcof a wreck. Wrecks, In their legal acceptation are rare, as (here - arc few cases where goods come ashore but that Clio owner can claim and provo Ills proporty within a year for tlfo loss ol the vessel. Tho tendency of tho law with re- glird to goods lost at sea arid from vessels on iakeB and rivers -has been toward 'favoring 'the owner of tho goods by granting him goodDppor.Uinltles.to prove and reclaim his property. This Is as it should bo, as othcr- • wlio it would be'adding sorrow to sorrow-] and hardship to hardship. ' ' A contract has been Blgned and the work <* constructing a now iron transfer steamer for the Grand Trunk Railway commenced. Tho new steamer will bo constructed at Wvandotte by the Detroit drydock company Jnd will be completed oil July next, at a cost of not less than 1285,000. The new steamer Hill be propelled b/tlio machinery now in u." IntheBteamor Michigan. She will be 313 • feet in length.« feet beam. 76 feet oyer the ■ ™»rd«, an" IS tect 0 Inchea diep. She w 11 EST two tracks and will carrj about 10 cars.- , GENERAL NEWS. It Is now'cortalnly known that the steamer Batavla passed through SundaBtralts, show¬ ing that thoy arp nuvlgifblo. .__ Frcnoh will hlocknde Canton and Fakol unless'tho .Chinese troops are withdrawn from the Tonqiilii frontier. A wondorlul mineral Is found only- In Missouri.' It Is called Adams' cobltc, and It la so hard that It will cut steel without losing 'Its edge. '" An Indianapolis inventor is at, work upon a now electric headlight for locbniotlven, which, it is claimed, Wlirilgllt tho truck for a mllo brilliantly. .'-'.-. A syndicate will purchase land'around tho Great Shoshone Falls ol tho Snake River, build a hotel', put a steamer on tho river, and make It the Niagara of the West. A> stream of puro'water was found at the dcptl) of 34 fret at Carthage, Dak,, flowing at the rato of foui miles an hour and In volume twice tho size of Red Stone river. The steamer Lily, Just robjilit- at .an ex¬ pense of t35,<JO0, whllo,gn it trial trip on the South Saskatchewan river yesterday found¬ ered. It Is not known whother the. pas¬ sengers esoaped. « The western movement in anthracite coal by hike has been enormous. The shipment •for August reaoh 104,030 torn, and for tho season 710,487 tons, to G24,500 in the same period last year.—Commerctal Advocate. A ship which hut! sailed under tho Brook¬ lyn bridge in safety, upon her return trip lost her royal mast by contact with the bridge. The Brooklyn end of the bridge Is several feet lower than tlio-New York end where the vcssol entered-. lt_begli)8to be more evident every day that our dock facilities are too small, and that some plan of action tn enlarge must soon be decided upon. The question Is where and how can plans be considered and discussed. —Duluth Times. Last year Arizona produced over 17,000,- 000 pounds of.coppor. Thus tar during the present year tho lncreaio has been 38 per cent, and new furmuies are going up. Arizona's output will probably be not less than 25,000,000 pounds' for 1883. * f ' HuBlness failures last week decreased, ar- ^ordlng.toJrmlstreet/B to 148, tho sinidlcnt number since last October7~Tlie~goliflial trade of tho country seems good, there be¬ ing little "water" In the total of transactions reported by the city clearing-houses now-a- days. At their meeting at Milwaukee Thursday the Wisconsin Medical Society, believing that consumption was an Infectious dlBease, resolved that they would do their utmost to keep the phthisical members of families Isolated as much, as possible from healthy persons. A New York lumber dealer recently im¬ ported from the Pyrenees Mountains n, walnut'log which Is twelve feet long and nine feet In diameter, and weighs 22.000 pounds. It l» estlniatcd to bo worth $2000 as it lies, and when It is Bawed Into veneer¬ ing It will yield 00,000 feet which will lie worth *5000. The now postal hoicb, which are now in use, prove lo ba very convenient fop tho transmission of money In small sums, and will no doubt ontlrciy supersede money or¬ ders, as thoy are got without the bother. They can bo bought at tho window like stamps, and idcntillcatiou is not necessary to' their payment. Utile proposed tunnel should be made for Hie relief of about 180 mines In Gilpin County Colorado, it would be one of the largest of the kind .In the world. These mines pro- duco about two million dollars a yoar, chiefly gold, of which thotouil output since*lts dis¬ covery In 1859 lias been oyer, thirty-seven millions, besides three and a half millions in silver. . The schooner Maria Martin arrived at Su¬ perior with nine hundred jon's or steel rails for tho Northern Paolflo and the people celebrated the event In-rt becoming man. ner. Thhf Is tho first cargo of arty kind of freight that has arrived at that port in lo, tlieBO many years and they cannot bo blamed for celebrating,- The sclfoonor got In witii- out'inuch trouble. Another vessel, the Red Wing, with a much larger cargo, will arrive in a few days, but for fear she may get aground a portion of the load .will be dis¬ charged here.—Qulwth Timet. . A^HAPIKK OF DISASTERS. BoBToitTSBBtTB.-iA special from Halifax, N. 8.,says: Tho stenmor Lnmporto, from Baltimore to Lopdon, arrived hero In dis¬ tress. One hundred and-forty cattle shipped by Longhnm & Co., of Boston, were lost at Boa. -. - On Wednesday, the 22d, a gaie ajrilck the ship, Increasing In fury as tho day advanced, and tho steamer was .frequently swept by seas of tearful power. After dRrk tin) storm, grow worse, the wind blowing with terrtilo violence, and tho sea rising to frightful height; threatening every moment to swamp tho steamer. At 11 o'clock tho storm was at Its height, and from that |iour until daylight tho vcssol wag almost at the mercy of tho elements. A great sea swept the deck carry¬ ing away one liundrediind thirty, out of ono hundred and B*venty cattle aboard,;and badly Injuring a number of the crow.. Sec¬ ond officer Jones had his collar bono brokon. William Moran, who had charge of tho cat¬ tle, dosorlbes the scones that night as .terri¬ ble. The waves were tremendous Ui'sjze, sweeping over the ship. They would lift a great portion of the cattle pens on their crests, hold them for a moment, and then hurl thorn, with their living contents, with jiwful vio¬ lence to the deck, and the next wave would carry off the bleeding uild dying animals in the twinkling of an eye. -Live stock-went over I he side of the ship by dozens, and by morning all'that remained numbered forty, of which four have since died, leaving but thlrty-slx out of 170 cattle taken out orBal- t'moro only two weeks ago. During.tile storm all the steamer's boats were either cltrrled away or disabled, the cabin skylight stove, and the cabin flooded, a portion of the bulwarks and part of the poop-wheel carried away, and other damage sulfated.. Thursday morning the storm abat¬ ed somewhat, but a heavy sea milde tho ves¬ sel roll and pitch almost as much as (hiring the proceeding night. Between 8 and 0 o'clock the engines broke'dowiii. The Bteamer was then almost aoiltJiejif I of Halifax. Sail the Roster 'gas light buuy. A' very liUoronllng exhibition was .given on the night of August 20,-of tint- working- pf a new llghtod buoy 'which Aviis nliiood recently near tho Scotland Lightship, New York. The buoy, whloh Is known as the"' ■ Foster Gas Light Buoy,.hi oomposoJ.nfn ,, group of 7 Itp-wolded cylinders, mado with¬ out seams or rivets, oiuih eyllndor lormlng In itself an Intlopondcnt wntflj tlglit com¬ partment, eapable of* withstanding heavy conousalon- frrim floating' .flwtrre*^ such, as would prove fatal to thoso. constructed of the large platoa now died In other gas buoys. Those cylinders nrocapabje of being charged with gas eomprossed to from 40 to 50. atmos- pliorcp, and the buoy can be mado to contain1' I a supply for six or twelve months. Its sub- -division of receptacles - gives assurancoof buoyancy oven should one or moro sections receive Injury of a character whloh would,, cause Inevitable' loss, by sinking, oi any other buoy hnvlilg but ono or two compart¬ ments. Each cylinder having an Independent . checkvalve prevefnts tho escano of gas from ' the other tanks should any of them be in¬ jured. '• . Among the merits oluimcd for this buoy are:—1) In........—...........i.-i— <■----- l In an apparatus producing, from most avallablo, plenteous nntPlow'-priced.- _ material, n perfectly "Iliad gas" of Intense. Illumjlialing power, which' deteriorates qolther when subjected to low temperatures nor any degree ol compression. Tho works are simple in construction and operation, and require no skilled labor for tho produc¬ tion of gas. 2). In a compressor equally free front complication and bo thoroughly effective that pressure of 3500 Bounds to the aquaro inch has been attained by Ir. It will be apparent that the advantages to be derived from the use of compressed gas will bo In¬ creased with the, degiee ol pressure and the , consequent reduction of volume. The third uiominent/feature Is the automatic appliance tor regulating the flow of gas to the burner, * |U1 IC^Ulll^l^ II,U ItUTO If, )(fl(> IU l,IV Ul.| l.u. , . u ... u „ without whluh-tho enormous-pressure opor- iltliejuil of Halllax- »a" nte(1 hv.t|,|8 ,y8tcm WOu|d be valuolosB. A o»8Tieiidod for "aiiiax. -jj0„prnori t8 uo a perfect Instrument, must »mwate>aniliiy pourc uutomnt|C|1||y COutrol tho flow of gas at the nig over mo >™-i 8"t Into the stone uoiu bnrbcr, keeping the pressure at seven-tenths and put out the fire by* which.the steam- f „ l|lch Wlille the gas in the supply tank '• ■■—-..... but the shbp kept clear ,,,,.,.....„„„„.....„,, *..., „,.'_ .,.i„'..f.„ ,„_ here Boino days, „= -~........... her machinery and other damnges, herjy^jjo shifted, -and a portion will hive to bo re- stowed. St. JonN's, N. F,, Sept. 0.—Tlio steamer Canlina, Capt|iiu Farquhar, was totally wrecked tills nioinlng. She struck on Gall lslaii(lrnt the mouth of Sl^Mary's Bay, and sank almost Instantly. Tli'e passengers and crow, Blxty In all, got ashore on Island Rock, about a mile from huid. The schooner 1'hU- tlo was dispatched to tlio wreck to render assistance. The Canima sailed from Halifax Monday evening with totirtccn passengers, and a' large and valuable cargo of general mer¬ chandise. The passengen, and crew have arrived at Tropassy. The Canima was owncn by the Quebec and Gulf Forts Steamship Company and chartered by the Cromwell line. The Canima was struck this morning In a dense fog and a heavy sea running. The passengers and crew had to leap for life and saved nothing. Tho ship sank without giv¬ ing time to procure provisions. Captain Farquhar exhibited great skill and coolness.! Tho safety of the lives of the passengers and crow arc duo to him. The French' bark Kormalo, with nine. Iippllance of tlio kind yet devtsed. Tho advantage of a system of lighted buoys In our harbors and their approaches, from the sea cannot be over-estimated.> AUIb of, ' tlila kind to navigation must however be of a decided character. In the easoof light buoys It is necessary that the light should bo Btrong and steady and be easily dlscern- able under ordinary circumstances at such distance as will gtve ample time to a vcsbcI ■to alter her course These requirements seem (o be fully mot In the Foster Buoy, and It is by far the best one of the kind that haa come" under our rtotjcQ. Although the' night was somewhat unfavorable for the ex- hibltion-4-tliQ moon shining full at the time— the light from the buoy was dlsccrnable ata distance of about eight miles and shone out. clear and strong .at five miles. There Is no doubt but that,-on a dark night this light would have shone with even great brlllancy and have been seen at a very much greater distance. A remarkable feature of the light is its perfect steadiness. Although consum¬ ing less than two feet of gas a day, it givos an illuminating power equal to eighty-two candles. It has been on trial for the last twenty-six days and during that time Kb working Iihb ibeen most satisfactory. It crew nreuuo«i ,..■••• . . worKing iiBBioeen mosi sausiaoiory. u The French bark Kci male, vitn nine. .^ (f^^ le proper to mako comparison thousand quintals o cod lsh f om St. I^lerre Iq[ ^ ^^ flu(i ^^.^ „, othor> to Franco, sank wUhall lunula at tne en- for t)l0 rCB80I1 tlmt the light furnished by Jrl trance to the ilver Glrond. ' The last French banker arriving In St. Pierre roads accounts for another hatol) of fifty-lour lives lout out of another section of the French banking fleet. One Dieppe ves¬ sel alone lost twelve. The Brlggabjcl, also I a Dieppe vessel, rode nut tho two storms of .Monday and Thursday, hut had both masts carried away, and the decks swept of every¬ thing. The fate of the crew is'unknown, but repoi ted taken oil'. Tlio steamer Cobot was just dispatched to St. -Mary's Bay, to bring down tho St. John's passenger^ and ihe crew pf the Cnnlnia. The schooner Uzzlu stranded W-duy on tho west side of Mlqnelon. . The French banker Augusta, just an chorod .In the roads was Boverely daniagod and lost six men. TJio banker Mary Emtio is reported to have, gone doWn jit anchor at the Great Ranks with all on heard. , The French bark Ilortonso Is a total wreck at Sables Dolonue. The crow Were saved. The schooners disabled on Mlqwcluu la- land In the storm on Thursday, of the French banking fleet, are slowly -arriving. 'Since ca¬ bling on tlic4tli instant, twonty-ono oases of loss of life on the Bunks are r,ep<a|tted. All the FrcnclNlllcat have arrived and report numbers o.f disunited vessels outside, and largo quantities of floating wreckage. . Monthkal, Sopt. (I.— A steamship w»s driven uslioro noar Indian Harbor, N^J^lt is supposed to be the mUsiiig stoamer JTiid wig. for tho reason that the light furnished by it Is In every way superior to those now In use. Tho cost of maintaining a light of this kind is said lo.be/ very, small Indeed. The FoBter Buoy Is controlled by the U. S. Beacon Light & Signal Company of Phila¬ delphia.—.l/ar/Iime Iteguttr. A device for rvgulatlug the valve or cock in tlio pressure pipe of u WcHttiighouse brake lias recently been patented by Messrs. Al¬ beit Thayer and M. J. Connelly, ot Rox- bury, Mass. The sock for permitting the air lo pass out of the- pressure pipe Ifpprovlded with a weighted lever which Is operated by a cord extending to the engine box. The compressed air cylinder is connected with this lover by tho rod of the piston, so that' when the cord is pulled tlio piston will be raised, and tlio cock or valve hi the pressure pipe will be closed as the air escapes gradu¬ ally through an aperture In the piston head. •The time required for tho-closing of the cock depends upon the size of the aperture tn the piston head.—A'cienti^c .American. The vessels are now preparing for the fall breezes. The "Oliver Mowat and N. P. Downey will be the llrst to get on their, new sails,—KiHQMon A'ewn.. ' A SMART BOY,. "You had better ask for manners than .money," Bald It finely diossed gentleman to a beggar b&y who had asked (or iilitia_ "1 asked for what 1 thought you had tlio most Ijiof," was tho reply. But If you are afflicted lyith Itching piles, pimples and blotches on -Ialio face, or.any skin disease, ask for Swayuo's ointment mid do not be bashful about It, either. A stitch in tUuh saves ninety-nine, you know—and a wordto tho wise Is sufficient. ' ,_ I ■•V r 1. y