./ 6 THE MARINE' RECORD. 2C ROUTE FOR CALIFORNIA URA1N, Frm IhtifarUipt ltegltlcr. **~ • /riTo merchants of Snn FrnnolBCo nnd mill lntj ship ownors must feel very gloomy. Tliolr Implncablo oneroy the riiliwny line Oenlt ' thorn nnothortcrrrnK blow. At lenst tlmt much Is clnlmod by tho friends of the South- onTFnomo rnllrond. 'i'liey ntntp that Cull- fnrnlii groin Is to bo sent to.Eiprcneananar- kots by way of the Southern I'nclilo load to Now OrloanB, and thence nciosB tho Atlnn- tlo by steamer. "For n t|me tho sailing ship may And freight ntSan Finnolsco, but the superiority of the rnllrond routo will soon bocomo so miuilfost tlmt the Bulling ship cannot compoto with It. This means, of cour90, thnj; the ship not having tho grain trndo to dopond upon will depart entirely from tho San Frnnclsco route, and tlmt/oven tho domestic llnea between Now York and tho Fnelflo const will linvo to go. This Is n bad, a very bad outlook for tho snlllng ship owner. Those gentlemen owning tlio big Ships on the stocks at Bath must, on this Bhowlng, grieve for their want of foroBlght ln<lnvcstlng In property which Is thus to bo Shut out from a very Important trade, and this loo, at n time wheu steamers nre beuom- lngsuccessful competitors with sailing ships In other long voyage trades. But It Is not the ship-owner only Whp must view tho matter gloomily. Tho Snn Frnn- clsco merchant is to see Ills pott relegated to an Inferior position, owing to the loss ot Its most Important trade. Tho railway can col¬ lect tho grain throughout the State and practically Ignoro tire, great port. Much ol ' tho banking mid other business which at¬ tends upon tho mo\oment of exports will be transfi rred to New Orleans and that port will to all Intents and pui poses be the chief port for tho shipment of California wheat. This outlook cannot be overplensant (or tho shlu owner and San rrancisco merchant. Yet it Ib the one thai the railway managers pre¬ sent to them. They may be soothed by the statement that 81111 Francisco* will no doubt control an Important local trade, but there it will end. Even that dream of the Call- lorninn, control of tho trndo ol tho Orient through San Francisco, is not to come true, for it appears that the Northern Pacific rail¬ road claimi tlmt this trade will enter the. United States bv way of that road's l'uclflc port. Visions of future gieatness for the chief Pacific port, visions of an uninterrupt¬ ed trade for the ship-owner disappeai beforo tho rising sun of the railway. A great trado route dosed, a great port shorn of its grand¬ eur, simply by opening another route. Ver- lryphm Fraficleco commercially rests upon n bank, of sand California v 111 become great by reason oil her grain which Is mure valuable to her than all Iter gold. But California is to turn her back upon that Pacific which was her pride and glory, and 6end lior cereals by the lion track to nn eastern port. This predic¬ tion Is put forth bv the railway company In 6uuh a way backed with statistics that many persons are quite convinced that the move¬ ment of California wheat is forover turned towaid the Gulf. Other noople more skep¬ tical, can see no profit to the railway unless It has largo return! freights, but this doubt has now been removed by the statement that much of the Pacific bound goods troin tho .Eastern States are now shipped bj steiunei- to New Orleans and thence over tho South¬ ern Paclfio road. But predictions and facts do not, fortunately ahvajangroe, and In this case wo have llins fur chiefly predictions. The railway will naturally do all in its pow¬ er to control freights, nnd ns It is built and must have work, It will become a formidable competitor for tho transportation of Cali¬ fornia grain. The manngers understand fully—none better—rtie art of puflllng, but thoy will have to work remarkably cheap in -orderlo cotitiol-tlie-Oallfornin-grnli) trude. They will get a certain proportion of the business, but that It will be the greatest por¬ tion wo do not bolluvo The views set forth by tho lnlhvay people ore highly rose col¬ ored, but as tested by harsh experience they do not look so bright. The chief factor in their favor is tliu saving in time. But that they can transport profitably to themselves at a cheaper rate, or oven as cheap as that offered by the ocean route Is not yet made ovldent with 110m at present all Is experi¬ ment. Thus tar l»u extensive shipments only, wo believe, have been made and Judg¬ ing froin these the proupect-tor the ralinn} is not the best. Mr. Crocker, president of the Southern PaclfioRnilwaj Company,sajh that hlsioad can carry gialu from San 1 iiiucIilo to Llv- cipool for 12cents pi 1 bushel 1 Ids is allow¬ ing ver> low rates foi the tailwa) haul ot 2,500 miles to New Oiluius It Is about six¬ teen dollar* pel tun 1 his Is equal to about sixty-five shillings pel ton ou.1111 Height. On th6 thirtieth of Juneocenli freights wete quoted at San Frnftclnrq for Liverpool direct by Iron vc'sels tit lUs. Oil., foi Cprk, for or¬ ders, at fiOe., for Liverpool dlr et by wood 47s. Od. bid and 55s. uskul 1 Viii allowing 11 large Increase on these inks tliey will strlf bo far below that bv the railway. This dif¬ ference in favor of theoecnu routo will more than counterbalance unj saving that the railway may ol'er In inteicst and Insurance, We believe Mr. Croikur calculates upon a scarcity of t< linage at Suu Francisco, lie is probably unaware Hint there Is a supera¬ bundance of tiniiiige and that the least de¬ mand at San Franclsuo will attract an Im¬ mense fleet there. On the above date there "Tvoro at that port at least fifty dlsongngcd 7011619, representing a tonnage of ovor sov- onty-flvQ thousand tons. Mr. Crookcr should romomber that tho ocean Is trackless and thnt tho only monopoly In shipping Is that of working tho cheapest. In addition It must bo rcmomberod thatr with J,nc'1 nn nrtlolo ns vliontnnd wlth'suoh n quantity a.s will bo sont from California, receivers aro not always anxioiiB to havo It landed at tho earliest possible moment. Thoy aro just as willing to hnvo n part of It at sea on ship¬ board, whore Btorago oxponscB aro saved. It can be dealt in Just ns well by the curgo load as by warehouse lots. Wo do not be¬ lieve therefore, that Snn Francisco will bo greatly injured by this new loute, orithnt tlio sailing Bhlp will be out-rivaled by tho railway. There Iiiib been nothing yetdono to show this. Ono point too much over¬ looked in this dlsaimslon is tho fact that the ^lain trado Qf the world Is changing. India 1 becoming n formidable competitor. Cheap¬ ness of transpo'tatlon will cntor moro large¬ ly than ever Into tho cost of our grain, and California, by monns of Its ocean routo to England will alwnyB find vcbsoIs, cither Bteamers or sailing ships, anxious to carry Its grain to tlmt mnrkot c[ieapor than by any other means of transportation. IMPOBT OF SPANISH ORES, Philadelphia'Record: Nino vessels load¬ ed with Bessemer .ores from Spain, each carrying from 1,800 to 2,000 tons, aro ex¬ pected to arrive at this port. An old Iron broker of this city, in commenting upon the fact yesterday, stated that this was ap un¬ usual occurrence. Tlireo years ago It would not baveibeen considered so unusual, as the arrival of thnt number of ore laden vessels in this city was a frequent occurrence. Phil¬ adelphia in those days ranked first in prom¬ inence as a port of entry for vessels with cargoes of that kind. This prominence, he contended, had been transferred to Balti¬ more. The reasons given for tho diversion of this trufllc-froui this city to another were numorous. First, he thought there was. moro competition in tho business at Balti¬ more. That there was more speculation in this clasi of merchandise and that greater risks were encountered in making sales. It was also his belief that freight discrimina¬ tions had operated against Philadelphia as a centre of distribution for foreign Iron ores, and that in consequence distant would-be purchasers In tills market had been practi¬ cally barred out. Shipmont of these ores to any port would be even smaller hereafter than now, as the present tariff makes u diflerence of at least 40 cents per ton in the cost of Importation. Edmund Smith, n leading Iron broker of Philadelphia, said that the diversion of the lion ore truffle from Philadelphia to Balti¬ more was because of tlio inducements oflcrcd vessel owners to send cargoes of ore from Mediterranean ports. They are assured of cargoes of grain, and owing to tho competi¬ tion In that inai ket there are quicker sales for the ore.. The Pittsburg manufacturers were, In years gone by extensive purchasers of foreign ore in this market, but now prefer¬ ence is given to tho native ores, which aro > to be obtained at lower figures because of greater proximity to point of production and the discovery of new veins of tlio native ores, tho yield of which is ns good us that I in ported. The principal native or lake oro is tlio Republic, and tho next In grade is the Menominee range of ores. These are mostly used In Pittsburg, where for Borne time they came In competition with the foreign ores. The native ores uro put down In Pittsburg fiom Cleveland, the point of distribution, at (0.50 per ton, against $8 per ton lor a 00 per cent BesBtmsr foreign ore. The advant¬ age in paying the advance for tho native ore Is that the manufacturer can puroliase it 111 any quantity he pleases, while in buying the foreign ore lie must take an entire cargo. The ores coming to Philadelphia <are altogether from Spain, the shipments trojn the north of Alrlca having stopped entirely, for no reason nt tills time known, but possibly en account of the arbitrary tarlit imposition. Cargoes uriivlng tit this port are distributed altogether among the Eastern manufactur¬ ers and at reasonable figures, us the quota¬ tions are abnormally low The Bethlehem iron Company ni.d the Pennsylvania Steel Company have purchased mines in Cuba, where they are mining their ow 11 ores. VANDERBILT AS A YACHTSMAN. from thi Btattm Mtnld, Wllllnm H. Vandorbllt has gone so far into yachting as to havo plans drawn for a pleasuro steamer of great proportloiiBjuid unproccdontedly luxurious appolptrnontsTl The deceased commodoro hnnijllci vossols purely ns n matter of business, and Ills travel for ploasure was by fast horso power. Tho son has boon of tho sanio way of thinking, except that ho dropped bouts out of ills deal¬ ings and devoted his attention to railroads, Willie exceeding the old man In tho posses, slon of swift natters. But Wllllnm U. is loss sturdily individual In Ills" tastes. Ho likes to have such tilings as other millionaires enjoy. Thorcforo ho has nt length concluded to seek some diversion nflont. His yacht will not bo built before noxt summer, but tho kool is to bo laid immediately. Ho does not much like steaming on tlio water, and thorcforo the vessel will be primarily a sailor, with engines to use only when he Is in n hurry to got somewhere. In keeping with his earnest desire to drive tho tantest horses, however, tho yacht will bo intended 'to make unequalled speed by wind or Bteiim. But It is a question whethof nil tho skill that money can command v, ill insure that quality. "There Ib something beyond calculation In the speed of yachts," said one of John Roach's experts, In talking a"bout Vnhder- bllt's projected vessel; "twoboats may bo built simultaneously from the same model, with every effort to make thorn precise dupli¬ cates as to shape and machinery, and yet one will prove faster than the other. Why this Is so no man can tell. The Btenmer Mary Powell has for IB years been the swiftest on the Hudson river. During all that time she never has been beaten. Tlmo and again an exaot counterpart has been built, with every¬ thing coprfd to a hair, as nearly as the best mechanics and facilities could dolt; but none of those havo turned out as good as tho original. As the reputation of unrivalled speodlnoss Ib a valuable nd\ ertUoment for a passenger boat, you can see tho object in trying to build a second Mary Powell. Ex. Boddy la thore'wlth him. John G. Walker is In Mexico, nnd is getting rich In sliver mining, and Holmes Is his pnrtnor. William O. Wlokham Is a prominent railroad man nnd Bepubllcun In Virginia. Of the throe Loos who were generals, Curtis, who was Mr. DavU' chlcf-of-staff, la tlio prosldont of tho Washington and Lee College In Virginia; William , Henry Fitzhugh Lee, generally called "Bunoy," Is a planter and U prosper¬ ous on n fine cstato; nnd Fitzhugh Loo, cousin of tho-othors, and n famous grfiVolry offlcor, owns tho "Ravonswbod" ustato on tho Potomac, about B0 miles below Wash¬ ington, whore hols living like a'lino Vir¬ ginia planter of tho oldon time. Bobort Loo, thoGojieral's youngest son, who served in tlio ranks a greater part of tho war, lives on tho JamoB river, and owns a handsome os- tate thero. Longstrcet lives at Gainesville, On., nnd Is Unltod States Marshal. General Early practices law at Lyiichbilig, Lieu- tonant-Goneral A. P. Stowart Is prosluontof. the University of Mississippi, nt Oxford, and Lteutonant-Gcncral S. D.Lee (ftpronldonrof another Mississippi Institution of learning. B. H. and Patterson Anderson are .dead. General D. Frank Cheatham Ib the superin¬ tending commissioner of the Tennessee pen-. itontiary, General Bnto Ib Govornor of Ten- nosneo, and W. H., or "Bed" Jackson, 0110- of FareBt'B Division commanders, Is living, near Nashvlllo on a magnificent plantation. General Whoelor, who commanded all of General Johnston's cavalry. Is a planter in North Alabama. General Lowton, the- * quarter-master goneral of tho confederacy. Is a leading member of the Savannah, G11.. bar, and General fiorgas, the Confederate- ohlef of ordnance, dlod 1n Alabama tlio other day. Cockrel), the ranking Contederain general from Missouri, Is a United States- enator. perlence has been the same with yachtsmen They order copios of the swiftest craft, or combine the supposed good points of sovernl, nnd nine times out of ten nre disappointed in the result. Jay Gould did not particularly enre for great swiftness, and Is not crest¬ fallen because his yacht is rather easily beaten. Ho did not contemplate raeitig,"biit safe and luxurious sea trips. It Is different with Vandorbllt. Besides all possible con- can only guarantee up to n certain point,' and beyond that ho must trust to luck. It is possible thatji trial trip will be ordered assoon as theVlnrhincrv Ib in, so that tho boat need not be finished up in case It lalls to cut the water satisfnctorlly. In that case It would probably bo devoted to other uses, and another one constructed fur Vmiderbll t." SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTBIAL. Tho first cotton mill of California is soom to be built at Oakland. The southern part of the State Is regarded as favorable to cotioit. culture. Visitors find in some of the older house* of Nantucket tall Dutch clocks, with link's In the cases where screws had been tnkei> out. This was done In order to biuiMi. Wicked ornaments of brass and steel. Shrinkage In lumber varies- according to the tree from which It is made. Oaks will shrink in drying a half Inch to the foot, while the redwood of California show 110- porceptlble change, and the I e ivy Eastern- venience, ho Insists on speed. "Whether he, or South Amorlcan woods Ipso but Ilttle.- wlllgotltor not remains to be seon. Wo] Scientific Amei lean, Among the canal schemes In the Hast is one to make n thiougli water communication between the Mediterranean and tho Red Sea along tlio depressed gorge ol the river Jor¬ dan and tlio dead Sen. 1'lie canal, which is to be for alilpB of the Inrgest sUo, would ox- teud 111stward fiom the Hay of Acio, on ihe Jlodld r.anuin, tin 11 down the Jordan to the bend Sen, and from there southwnd to (he Abakan Gulf, on the Bed Sea. The north¬ ern onniiT would be twenty-live miles in longlh, across tho plain of Esdirolon, ami the highest elevation is only 108 feet above tho level of the Mcdlteiriineun. So far no great dlfilciiltlcs are In the way, hut the till liig of tlio depression hi the .loidnii Valley to the sen level is what puzzles the engineers. They believe that It can be done, and a rec¬ ommendation has been made to the British Piifllanioiit to glvo oncduragomoM to ilia projectors of the entoi prlpo.—InttrmfZl. Tlloroaro twenty-five deaths dnlly from yellow fever nt Vein Ciuz. The victims ate most nil sailors. BELICS OF THE BEBELLION. Fnm the Waihtngton Sunday Heratii. Of tho live field generals of the Confeder¬ ate army, J. E. Johnson and Beauregard survive. General Johnson Is the general agent of a prominent New York Insurance company, and General Beauregard is the ad jutant-geherul of the State of Louisiana (where he has oreated the finest body of militia for Its numbers In America.) He Ib also one of the commissioners of ono of tho old Louisiana State banks, besides which he has othei Important business connections. There were twenty-one lieutenant-generals In the Confederate army, from first to last, and all of thes* were front the United States army butfourV viz., Richard T-nylor, N. B. Forest, WMe Hampton and John B, Gor- donT~Of~theirrthe fallowing TireHlrlngt D. D. Hill, who Is In NorthlCarolina; Steph¬ en Lee, Early, Buckner, Wheeler and A. P. Stewart, besides the two not from the old United •StateB army mentioned above. Gus- tavus W. Smith Ib tlio ranking major-gener¬ al living, and is State commissioner of Insur¬ ance In Kentucky. W. T. Martin lives at Natchez, and Is a railroad president. C. W. Field and L. L. Loinax aro In Florida, and liotb. aro in the employ of the United States Corps of Engineers. Marmnduko Johnson Is in St. Louis and is wealthy. William Preston lives in Kentucky, and has a fortuno ho Inherited, Humes lives In Memphis, Tenn. Wlit Adams is an agent for Missis¬ sippi, and lives at Jackson. Frank Adams lives hoie nnd in St Louis, and is connected witli the Gould system of railroads in tho Southwest. Churchill was govei nor ol Ar¬ kansas, and lives at Little Bock. Colqult was govcrnoi of Georglu, and Ib United States henatoi-elect fiom Unit blnte. Colston lins returned troni Egypt and is living some¬ where in Virginia. Dlbrell Is n member of Congress fiom Tennessee. Lyon, who com- mnnded 0110 of Forest's divisions awhile, lives at Eddyville, Ky. 1 do not know what Mnckull, 'who was a hiigadior-goiieral nnd 1 hlef of Ccneral Bingg's stuff is doing, but I believe he lives In Georgia. McQownn Is u member of the Supiciiio Court qf Soutli Car¬ olina. Miles, W. B., Is a cotton-planting magnate, 011 tho Yazoo river |n Mississippi. Roger A. Pryor Is n prosperous layvyer In Now York, and tnfraMle'Sficfu, I hear lie Is an enthusiastic advocate of Governor B. F. tlonof attempting to swim tho Niagara FidJa Butler for the Prcsldonoy. Ripley, "Old (.whirlpool. Ho ea\ she believes ho can safelv Blp," as he was called, is In London, tho agent of an Auieilcnti rifle company, and Cottonwood lumber seems to bo coming- Into large use, and for dry gopds caBes^ starch boxes, and similar purposes it issuiil to be well adapted. One establishment li> Ohio, It Is said, works Into boxes as many lis two million! feet 01 lumber nnnually. For building purposes It Is not well adapted, us It Is apt to Bwell and shrink witli tho con¬ dition of the atmosphere. It Is hoped that the now section for mechanics of the American association lor the advancement of science will receive the earnest co-operntlon of all'interested, who may find It convenient to attend. The meet¬ ing now being hold at Minneapolis Is tho the second hold by the section. Circulars relating to the meeting muy bo obtained of the rermanent secretary of thp association F. W. Putnam, ut Minneapolis. ' During the coming year, experiments will be made at the physical laboratory of Johns Hopkins university with a view to aid In establishing an International unite-/ electri¬ cal resistance. Tho oxperlmonts will be narrlea on, under tho direction of Professor Rowland, with npproprlotlon from the gov- ' ernmont of the United States. Tho results MLM-CommjinJcateiLtpjtJia InterimUoiiuk commission of electricians, nicotine in Paris. * Recognizing the demand for thoroughly trained engineers conversant with elecrrlcnl Bclenco, nt the beginning of the next ncndemlojenr (Sept. 18, 1883) the trustees of Cornell university will receive students who doslro to (It themselves to enter this now and constantly extending Hold. While the general studios are mainly those of tho depnrtmentB of olvll nnd mechanical oncl- noorlng, tlio special studies of the course embrace the theory of electricity, tho con¬ struction and testing of telegraph linos cahleB, and Instruments, and ol dynamo mn^ chines, and the methods of electrical measurement, olectrleul lighting and tho electrical transmission of power Tho Chiirybdls is loported tg have boon sold to a Novn Scotia vessel ownei, who In. tends convening hoi Into n merchantman Up at Point Edward, near Port Huron the sportsmen havo had some difficulty hi distinguishing the water rail nnd snipe from tlio mosqiflW, uml tho notwoik hammocks areNujed as mosquito bars. ThARcd Star lino stonmor Wosterlnnd tho Inrgest vessel ever built on the Mersey, 0 000 tons burthen, 460 feet long, imfl to can v 1.UB0 passongors was launched at Llvoinool onSntuiday. Bebile), the professional swimmer and rival of Captain Webb, announces his Inten- breast the pool," and belle'ves"Webb could have dono It If ho hud gono ubout It right.