ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT STEAM NAVIGATION. » From the filiated Jlalluay Journal Rolir Admiral Ueoige Henry Preble, of the rdtlreU llstof the United Stntea Ntivy, nnd one of Its oldest ollleers, has written mi Interesting volume entitled "A Chronologi¬ cal History of tlic Origin and Development of Stenm Navigation." The work begins vvIth the first practical use or Btt'itm lis a motive pow or for vessels by Blnsco do Gurrny, at Baiceloiia, Spain, "Murjol7,,lo43, and shows the advancement of steam navigation to the present time, The proposition of De Garray In 1543 appeared ridiculous, hut ho .viia so convinced of Its ultimate success that ho Influenced the Em¬ peror Charles V.tu appoint a commission to witness Ills experiments. They nero, In a degree, successful, and He Gurniy was pro¬ moted to the rank ol an olllcer and rewarded with a considerable sum fiom the treasury. In 1030 thilrles I. ot England granted a patent to David Rnmse.ve, "to make boats, ships, and barges to go'agalnst strong wind anil tide," While Dennis Papln, a French englnvci, Is cliillned to have been the Inven¬ tor of the steam engine In 1(190, Jonathan Hulls, who In 1730 obtained a patent foi propelling a boat by steam, which, however, was novel put to practical expeiliuent, was no doubt the tlrst Eiigllahmnn who proposed to apply that power to naval purposes. James .Watt, who Ulrt.roorjUo make navigation by steam a prabtlcal success than who preceded hhn, obtalnjMl-hhrltfst patent for a steam engine In 1700. The general Idea of propelling vessels by a submerged helix or Borew Is ancient, nnd Its modem applica¬ tion to vessels propelled by steam power, Admiral Pieble shows, Is not due to any one man. A vessel built by Errlcsson was probably the first practical screw propeller tho world ever saw. The sucecessful application of steam to tho purposes of ocean navigation haB brought with* It an era of> Improvement in nnvnl urchltectuio and all othei innltois relating to nautical aflalrs. In the jeai 1810 arrangements were made with Robei. Fulton to construct a steam ferry boat, and on July 2,1812, ono named the Jersey began running between PiilIub Hook, Jersey City, arid New York. The event was celebrated with a grand banquet given by Jorseymen to the New York Com¬ mon Council. The boat was supposed to make half hourly trips, but frequently an hour was consumed In making the passage Near tho close of 1814 Fulton exhibited to the Prosidontof thoUtiltcd states a drawing Of make navigation by JBlWe"rT*« i than Buyjftxentor"«ew York. tieiWHVftrst patent foot ol Fourth sticel, Hobokcn, in 1843. At odd periods ne>v Improvements Were de¬ signed, and upon hi> death Mr. E. A. Stephens left $1,000,000 to complete the ves¬ sel, directing tlinvlt should then he given to tlio Stuto of New Jersey. The million was expended, suits were brought by the heirs, and at last, In 1880, the uulliiislied war ves¬ sel was sold as old inntorliil to W. E. Liilm- becr for $.')5,000. Admiral Preble hi cords to John Eilesson the cjeijlt of Inventing the first practical sinew steamer m 1830, and the liunous Muuttoi. Captain Ericsson also had the honor ol designing the Pilncetown, the first Bc^ew war vessel ever consliuelcd, al¬ though Fulton the Second whs the ploncci steam war vessel of oiu present naval or¬ ganization, and the second war vessel built by tho United States. Experience having shown that a sea steamer" of 1.800 tons, milking the quickest passages to mid from England and Australia, with a full cargo and complement ol pnssen- gers, lost by the vojage hum i,),000 to £10,- OQ0. did not deter the Eastern Steam Navi¬ gation Compitiiy, with n capital ot £1,200,- 000. fi oin building the Great Eastern, a ves¬ sel quite ovoishniiowlng Noah's Ark. The Gieiit Eastern was 080 feet in length, 83 teet beam, 58 feet depth of hold, nnd 28,003 long measurement. Noah's Aik was 547 lectin length, 01 feet beam, 54 leet depth of hold, nnil 21,7(12 (qui ■inoiisilreinoiit. The Great .Eastern-vfns eleven daya making.tlje trip.to f a proposed war steamer or floating bat¬ tery. The project was favotablv received, and on June 20,1814, the keel of Demologos or Fulton tho First was laid at Brown's shipyard in New York. She was launched on October 20,1814 After the war she was used as a receiving ship nt the Brooklyn Navy Yiud until June 1,1820, when she was accidentally or puiposely blown up. Coming down to the construction of tlio American steamship Savannah, tho flist oceniiTBSllcTpropollcd by steam, and which made tho passage from New York to 1 Ivei- pool In twentv-slx days In 181(1, the nutlibr declines that Mr. Woodciolt was giossl) in error when ho pionotinied hei, In his work on "Stenm Navigation," a inj lb. "sliu was built nt Corlneis JIook,"Ncvv Yoik, a'ud was ol 318 (ous huideu. The 111«t steamboats to iisconil the Missouri, Admliiil 1'ieblo says, woro thieollttle government bouts, in 1810, ono of which eiiirled die llguiwhend of u serpent at herpiow, and through the lop- tlle's mouth the steam was discharged. AVhon the savages biiw tills they fled In alarm, fancying the spirit of evil was com¬ ing bodily to dovour tbem. In the same yenr tho first steam vessel, the Jlobcrt Ful¬ ton, was put on the routo botweeu New York, Charleston, Havana nnd New OrlennB. She was afterwiud Bold"to the Brazilian Govern¬ ment, and was running as latu as 1838. On July 12, 1822, tho Rhode Island nnd New . York Steamboat Company was formed, mid this was tlio beginning of the Long Island Sound truffle. Tim first Ironclad battery was first con- celvod by Robert L. Stephens, of Hoboken, In 1832. It was to be an Iron armed ship, 350 feet In length, The keel« aa laid it the CANADIAN STEAMER CONDEMNED The Canadian propellers Europe-and Lake Michigan are the last inspected in Chicago by the speuhil Inspectors. The Europe Is 450 tons. She passed the examination and is granted a certificate which allows her to cairy sixty pnssengers. She compiles with the regulations In eveiy partlciiliu— so lar us any Canadian steamer can complv. I n making the tonnage allowances on these Canadian craft the Inspectors oncoimtei gicat<lluiculty,aj Mich piiDcrs show neither the gross nor the net lonnlige. To make tlio allowance properly they ought to be mucus uied, but lather lliiin wait for this to bo done the masters waive their light to ton- nngo deductions. Since tho now Ameiicnn Inn has been tnlked of In the press—mid since tlio new Cnriidlan inspection law — these propellers are pietty well equipped for life-saving, and the changes ofdored by the speclnl Inspectors aie not nt nil extensive. Steam pipes into the hold, bo that 111e niii) be extinguished by steam, Is the most Im¬ portant change oidered. The Europe is al¬ lowed to carry slxtv pounds of steam. With the Lake Michigan the Inspectors were not satisfied at nil. She Is not equipped for life-saving, and they lefused lie* a cer¬ tificate to enrry passengers at all. This does not luterleie, ot course, with her enrrjlng freight, nnd alio left hoio foi Milwaukee to luaiTgiulu lor below If her owners see lit to properly equip her, she can resiiino the unsscngei trullle nt -nny time. The Lnkc Michigan Is a good, stuiiiicli propeller. She wusbiiltut St. Cnlhiiilnes by Simpson In 1872, measures 401 tons, inles A2 (u good intlng) In the Inland Llo)ds, and is vnluid nt (25,000 She is owned by the L. mid It. S. S. Company, of Hamilton. 1 hero Ih no ob¬ jection nl nil to hei as n liclghl (nrriei, but she Is not piopeily equipped for llfe-suvlug nnd Islhciefoio refused ncertlllenle to van) pnssengeiH. I need repnlrs soon, but It is thought best to defer tlieso rcpnlis until some definite per¬ manent system tor lighting Is decided upon. No repnirs were mnde to the still Ion nt the Chicago breakwater north, mid only a few trilling repairs to tho BOiitJieru breakwater. Tlio towcrwlt\Povcrty Island, Mich, is badly crncked nsUhe result of funity con¬ struction. ^— The station on Sheiwood Point, Wis., will be finished In the fall. , The principal recouimeiidnilous IVi the re¬ port are as follows: \ That the tower at Fort Giatlot. Mjfch., be replaced by a new one, to oust about *23.- 000; that a couatlight be built between Fort Gmtloi and Sand Bench, Luke Hiiro , nt a cost ol $40,000; that the tower nt Thunder Bay Island, Mich., be leplnced by a hew one to cost $25,000; that the crib workniound the tower nt Spectacle Reer, Mich., be lebuilt, at a emit of $20,000; Unit n light he plnced on the Isolated ciib on tliecontlniiutlon ot the west pier nt Chehoygnn, Mich., nta cost of $0,000; that a light station be established near Mnckimic, Mich., to cost about $15,000, that the ftitlou'nt Point Betsey, Mich., be rebuilt., and iho height ol the local phuie he IncrcHSed to 100 leit at ilcostol $10,000; tlml the stnllon at the Mllwuukee pier head light he rebuilt at a cost of $8 000; ill it n new i-lte bo selected mid a new tower built at Milwaukee, .North P61nt1_WJB.^nt-a cos: J)T.$20,Ol»i that $T07lOTWupprQprlnted (or moving the pier-head lights, and that steam fog signals be erected nttbe following named stntlons: Mncklnnc, M.cGulplu's Point, Llttli) Traverse Buy, Point Betsey, Grande Point, An Sable. Twin Illvei Point, and Po- tavvatomle, I.nko Michigan, ilnd Uimid Is hind, Portage Lnkc, Ship Cnnal, and Rusp- beny Island, Luke Snpeiior. THE LIGHTHOUbL HOARD. The Lighthouse Bonid bus lecelvcd the report of the engineering operations In tin Eleventh Lighthouse District foi tile fis¬ cal }car enued Juno 30,1883> These dis¬ tricts 'ncludo all tho aids to navigation on the northern nnd northwestern lajtoa ubovq Or ussy Island light station, Detroit, embrac¬ ing Lakes St. Clnlr, Huron, Michigan, ai d Snpeiior, and tho strldts connecting them A statement Is given of the condition of the Btatlonb In this district, together With a detailed statement of repairs and alterations made the past year nnd such ait are proposed the presont year. The report, In describing the condition of tlio lighthouse at Chicago, snys the superstructure of crib work sur¬ rounding the lite is badly decayed and will THE IRON INTEREST. Front the later Ocm n A dispatch to the Inter Ocean from Pitts burg uiidei date of August licit savs the pi iron business I* lull ly nclive, the demand Ii -Hi111 Increasing, nnd brokers report that there Is now but little dilllciilty in ellectlng sides, and while the spiiit of the tiuukct In¬ dicates firmness, pilces ns compnicd with those of u wick ugo lemuln unchanged. Mill-owners hu\ Ing light stocks nre disposed to buy, and fbr staudnid brands there Is no difficulty .in obtaining full pilces. Somo lin nines arc Impressed with tho bellel that prices inc destined to rule still higher with¬ in the next few weeks, and for the present they are vlitunlly out of the market, lefus Ing-to sell .it cm rent rates. Foundry Irons continue dull, many of I lie fouuuiles being Idle, but pilces, especially for mill brands, are fliuier. '1 hero lias been n full business In Bessemer iron this week and prices me quoted steady nt $21 cash to t2J 50 four months Charcoal Iron Is icporled dull, consumers geneially being pretty well sup piled; no iiggiegutu sales of oil,millions Con' nnd coke Iron niiiile fioin hike ore dur¬ ing the week were 4,0G(I tons, ami of coke lion fioin native oie, 1,501 tons. In mnnii- lucliucd lion there Is mi luiiviiblngbusiness Oid< is Ine coining tin witidiinoie lutl), the mills mo ni'liil) nil in opinitiou iignin, nnd Mini* ol them have about all tin) cmi do Youi toi'iesponiloiit rcli rs paithiilarlv to those making n spcclult) ot slruiliiiul tiinl bildgelron 1 he uiiiluiik Is Iniiuuhl lm " good, BiihsLuullul lull tluiU, although ol coin so, loinpi lotion will pi event uiiuli ol un Impiovim in In price", which are quolulon a busls ol 1.00 to 2 louts loi bur, Unit In fir assorted ordurs, with the usual discount ol 2 pel cent loi cash Ol muck liar llicieluno been some recent sides in Hicret pricis, bul quotations lire $34 to $11 50 ciish nt the mill For mills pilces leuinln uuulningyl nt $3 sixty days, 2 per cent oil for cash. At tho regular monthly meeting of tlio Western Null-Association on 'Wednesday It wns ugreed to start tho factories up nguln on nextf Monduv for one month. In wrought Iron pipe there Is a fair busi¬ ness, but no Improvement hi prices, which to manufacturers nre very unaatlslactory. There Is about as much difference In the for the present, but complain of the outlook for late full and winter delivery. -Prices for near by delivery are still quoted at $38 to $30 cash at the mill. The development of jmiriiulisin Isa feature of modern progress frequently inmiiionteil upon, and fully keeps pmo witli the lin- pioveinenta in otbei fields which .are con¬ stantly taking place. In no otherdepait- meulliiis ii greater iidviiuccou lined tlinu in join mi's devoted to trmle in Its vnrloua branches mid to the discussion of Biih|octi jippertnlnlng* In mercnutlle exporloiwje. Juurnnlsoi till' i haincii'i uie now published! In cveij Inipoitniit huslnesf ceiltei both nv tills coiintiv and Europe, and their Intli- \ei|t.1i1n Die Hues of trade to w hleh they are devoted is undisputed. That newspapers of this cl.iss me suppoiled yiml eucoiiinged by the most successliil merchants In nlljiuitsot llieeonniry Is u laet which fully provci theli value. Notwithstanding this, we now .imI thou encounter trudeis who alien to- bi Hove Unit ii put er w hich pu) s especial ut- teution to iheli luteiest nnd cuiistiintly lin- puits Infoimillion c.ih ulnted lu beuellt them peciiiiliiiilr Is ol silliill vnl'ic. This (Ihks in largely inndcupol those who "hue no lime to lend the papers," us thov express it, or who, to use a slang pinn-o, "know It nil." We have found hi the course nl a soinewlu t prolonged nieiciitiUlo expoiielrou timutlie most sngncloiis ami aneeessfol traders nre- tlioso who are must eager In the quest for lnfoi miction, no matter from what qunrter ft liinv come, which is calculated even In the- slightest degree to aJd to the profits of their business. With such meruliniits I he perusal ot n jouninl devoted to their iuleiests is a duly which Is novel neglected,' lime thus spent Is never considered u us led, nnd they mi* fiiquentiy conlrlliiilois to Us columns, hi ii'ldlllnn lolliosn we luivo mentluuod who c inuot nllord tltti lelsiiie to rend a newspaper, me- others even less enterpiislug who bo- I'if" udge the trltit ig expense for snbseriptioiu Is^Not u low ot (his Uuss spend dully for pur¬ poses which me ol no beuellt whutever, Inoie limn enough to pay the co-t of n lolla- ble Joiirunl lor u twehenioiilh In this they might often find in tin coinseof that period lnfoi illation which it uvulleil of would bilug a dlreel gain In dollius nnd cents lm txcetuV Ing the cost to lliein ol obtaining It. Hence some brinda command moro money than others, Steel rails ire well supplied With orders The new postal notes foi the transmission of money In sums under five dnlluis are now being piepured, but they will not be leady tor delivery until about the llrsfof Septem¬ ber next. Tho notes me in shape iicnilv like bunk notes They are printed in a bluuk foi in, spuces being loft for the nauios ol the poslofllce from wblcli they nre sent nnd nt which they nre paid. On the right hand side of encli of the notes lire three columns of flguies, One tor the dollars, containing tho' tlgures Iroiu one to foui, the si mud lor tlio dlincb finni one to jiiue, mid the thltd lor the iculs fioin oueto nine lhu uostin i-ter who sell) oiu ol ihcsi notes will piuiili the tlg- lues liidleiitlng the ninoiini Jin 'which the nolo will he ireelvid. For institute II a Hole loi 4}.! 5J Is wanted, the llgiuis I in the iliillius coluiiiu,'i In the diuits mluniii and 2 In tin nuts column will hi piini lied out, Ml iounteitilling m "mining" Is Urns piL vcutul Ihonotis inn) tiL liought ot uny Milue liom oiu cent to $1 fl'l A ihiiigc ot ,1 ii tits will hi iiiuile In ud/liliiin to tho face \nliic ol the iioii' 'Iho gieat advantage pos«esMil b) posliil noteifovcr luouo) oidors is that tin toimn uie Uniisleiuble" bo tliatU will not be mcissnr) for those whoicceivo them to go In piimiii foi the moiie) I'bcy liinv be used In puvineutol goods oi tor other purposes, but must be pieseuted with¬ in u tew months, or their collection will bo more difficult. ' For Improving tho hnrbor at Diiluth $270,- 051 had been exponded prior to January 18. 1881. Since that time $70,000 has been ex¬ pended. It Is believed, from pust experi¬ ences, that It will Ire neeeesury to do a largo amount ot dredging euch year. For dredg¬ ing nt Suporlor, Wis., $44,461 was available quality of old rails *i In that of pig Iron, [.during the yenr, $21,132 of which was ox< "") peucjed. The esllmntod amount to complete' tto^roject Is $203,000, of which $110,000* cin-btS used the next year. 3.S