*-- % •+K "/■^ I I- fi -ghe$arine§ecord. A Journal dovotctl to (amnion i Navigation and Beleiiui, I'ublliliod WecM) AT ' CLEVELAND, OHIO Offltt Hoi-171 Bnporlor and 130 Bulk Strooti, ,_____ BooraT — "" ' TE'IMN: $200 per Annum. ISVAIIIltn IV AO\ANLK AGENTS ABE WANTED IK EVEEY POET AlkVKItTJNIXtt IIA*EH. Ton i unW per Una solid Nnnpnriel measurement* * Twelve lines (»f Noiipuricl net solid multc ono inch. Twmty cuiiIh |itr litiu forrcnli»i? notlcci, ~ minion ruoiiHiin niLtit. Arlicti r, 1lIters und qucrtLi on all milijccls (aro noli- cltcrt IWTlio LdiLcir aiMiuuH mi rcHponsiblHtj for iIil oplnionf of correspond- \\u 1) liiHurouoiito (oiitrHintorri must (five tmiuu mid address und i\ rile on one nlde of the paper only 'TIILMAIUM'KLMHtDlmi an Arciu in cwr> port, on tlie LikuHiind IHuM, mid nill c<miy.qu<mil) clrc-i- lato mfiri) or lens In all of tln.ni Attn inu Hum for advi rtlxlng 1; linn im/nipi rlor, m it circulates among a clnat of people that can In roncliid in no otliur \vi»„ solid REMOVAL APR. 1. Owing to the ""March of improvement" In this our great and growing city, we are com¬ pelled to remove from our old quarters to the Breianul Block at the entrance oftheVladuot. No. 2 South Water St. which is directly under the Oflloeofthe Merchants Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Our Offices will be noarer to the docks and very handy for vosselmen, whom we shall be pleased o see at any time. The Block lA-whioh we are now situated will be torn down and a fine new building erected In Its place. OXM JIEASOX WHY. I'll pi, ll wns noled Unit American ship¬ ping mid shipbuilding Interests weio on n decline. Then, there win an investigation und n comparison nl 0111 shipping inn lists Willi tllOSOof fnlclgl) HUlloUS, ulticll hlOllgllt In light the (net that those Inti'iests wen not' on >y on it decline, hut hud dei lertsed to un enoi 010118 extent. This know ledge hits ol course uvvukcusd cnusldeiablc itnxlity In rogatd to the safel) ol the eoiiiiuerehil rela¬ tions of the count) j, that In, uhcihei the commerce of the cottnti) would pin* Into fotelgn handi, as the i irijlng Hade sconitil to have done Mill furthci Investigation and comparison with Ion Ign nations elicited tlic tact that Client Biltaln's shipbuilding inter¬ ests and cnrrjlng ttailc had all this time hcen on the Increase. I'licn urosi the qui — lion us to wh) tiilW was nor Why hail American shipping dtcliutil so cMeuslvi'lv, and English sjiipplng Intiiiisidr' 'I In-|h „. pie have racked theit brains lor a solution i,o this peiplc\lng piobloin, thinking thai II the cause were but knoun, the lemulv couloTeusIl) be obtained nnd applied. To leant this cause thi J have talked fiee ships, sub-idles, Ihe Ml 111, pi ice ol labor, etc , lint haw iiriHc.il at no delliiile conclusion, still, On'} ale eudia\oilug to avert unv timber decline. I'lu point we have,in view is this Hint ii Yineiiea's co istwlse Undo, also on hei laktsaud liveis, 01 inland wnltjs, thesldji- piug luleicsls an. In excellent coudliloi llic vessels t mplo)i d on lllcsc vvuteis nnd in this coasting trade aie iiinuineiable, and in build are stnunch and Him, coiu|iaiing more than fivoiablv with am loteign ves¬ sels nl tilth class. The ovvnursol these ves¬ sels and the shippers In this i nasi and in¬ land ttadc mi activel) Intel estcd, null do ,\ vast itinoiint ol wmk, and aiu doing all In Mich power to liuthei the advancement ol those inteicsts, tin s piovlng that Aniuica can mid docs pi ovlilc means ol tianspoilation between the dllleicnt sections ol hei own < on lit 13 . fio, ol course, <jii*iiI Biitaln iniint provide means ol transput tatlnn between the different portions ot lior kingdom. Hut the [ioi lions ol bei .kingdom are "tun nil to¬ gether like the United states, with only the wh'th of u rlvei 01 lake to separate them, bin mo scattered nil ovci tin wide wollil, wllliolien the vvldlh ol an ok an be Iwecu them. Hence, a ii>"jmll) ol hi i ves¬ sels must he built loi the ptuponcol oiiun trnlllc. Since she must hnvoou'iu-curilcis, It was as welllo piepue tocnii) us much us possible! and also to Hike extra pains lo etiill she could cany. Acting on tlilr nnd passengers to her -own (Intimitis uerofls the oquyii, she might us vvoll curry tlic truth- Intended for the foreign nations ad¬ joining, ni near, those domains. Itetuinilig, she might its well Hike tho cargoes ro bo shlppod fioin these foii-lgit commies to hoi own. 'I'liU principle England 1ms carried out to tlie very lettei, step hv slop, M-ar by rc'Ar, until she lias gained tl|L> (tuprqiniiuy. She^lll foster lier shipping Interests so long ns hoi (loiniilns are so widely scattcrutl, and lust so long will eln- Btrlvo foi _the_fl".- piemney. 'We liava been equal to tlie ile- niniids of our own country, but those de¬ mands did not ollen carry us ncni to foielgu eotiiililes, antl lor thnt iciisrtn, in tlio build¬ ing up, unci development of our domestic in- dtislibs nnd eoninieict', the loiclgn carry¬ ing Until- ncnrly slipped from tlnr minds and oiir-gnisp, Dm the outlook Is now that thc*piopei steps in c to betaken to change 1 this slate of nllnlis. Anieilean shlpbuilduis and iiieuhaulLs possess as much skill mid lu- geniillv as Iliitlsli slilpbullders and me- chanbe?, nnd cm build just as good 01 del- lei ships. And Amctlcn posseKses Justus shievvd and good business men. Antl what Is 111011- these Aineiicans have made up tin ii minds that ihcv can and will place Aineil- liiii fou-ifjn tointneice and cairviug liadc wlicie they ought to be. In these matters the people of the United Staes aie like women. "Vv lion tlioy will, lluy will, and you tun) dtpcnil on'l " —-------- m m--------------- EDI7 0MAL NOTES. Many hnpottniit signal set vice stations aie being closed foi hukoffuniK we pre¬ dict that by the lime another year lolls mount) the people will demand that sulll- elent npprnntious he- made to ensure tin- re- opeiilgn and maintenance of these stations. Owing partly to the extra rush ol work, and parly to the short expel icnecol the edi¬ tor and manager piu tern, in these two brunches ot newspaper mimufnctiite, two or llnee stupid blundeis vveiemadein last week's issue. We beg to be foi given mid will endeavor to oveicoinc our slupldll) In the futoie Tiikpresent outlook is that theie will be consldeinblecoinpuiitlon between the Caua- dinus and Amelleans'In lake tialllc tills stiiiiiuer, mid this'state of aflaiis Is said to be owing fo the eiilmged Wellnud canal. It |s thought that both the competition and the eiil.ugcd Wellund, will be alike beneflcln) lo Amei leans nnd Canadians. FINDING ONfc'S POSIH'ION AT 815A. (Tilght, with Ii clear atnioBphore, at a dlsutnoo Plymouth,, Wis. Wy ivlint tnotlied do sallots-nt seitdetci. hilueTTicir exact position Lu Don's. Answer—Tlie imirlnei -XVtptH^llioH his Int- Ittiilabv observing tho menmim altitude ol n sclestlal stitr whose declination ot dlstnnce fioni the cquntoi Is known. In tho uortli- ein hemisphere, mi mi appr»xlmalo answer the polo star Is generally taken, the- nltUtido which Is nearly, the latitude of tne placi. If nil oh,si>rvoi w'cio standing upon tlnfequn- tor nnd looking townid the noifh ho would* see thtt-pnle stnr on the hurl/mi, with no nl- tltude, If he should inove tllicojdegices north the pole star would liav«-'an- nltltndo eorrespondlpg. At Chicago It Is abovir tho lienIzmi 41 degiei-s anil 50 inlnutes, ciure- tpoudli.g to the lattltudo of that city.- Ow- sn the nppilient levolutlon ol the polo stall about a central axis, widen Is the ti m- polo of the heavens, the accurate latitude can only be obtained by ob«etvlng Its least and gicatest nltltudcnnd taking one-hull thelij sum. The longitude of any place < (imputed fiom GieiHuylch, Washington, or. other pi line meildian, Is easily delei mined by oil- seivlug the Oieciiwieh oi Washington time when the situ 4)as»e-l the 7Ui)lth meildlau. In other wolds, knowing the dlffeience in time between Greenwich and the plnce of ohseivntioii, the longitude of ths place inaj he readily computed. A difference of time iiinouiiling to one houi icpri'sento 15 de- gieesol longitude, castor west, us the. case inn) be. The dilleicnc'c In time between tkicngit abd Washingliin is I,) nihiiites, which makes the longitude of Chicago 10 degiccB and 5 minutes, reckoning fiom tin- legal pi lino mcrldcau ol the United Slates, which is that at Washington. Every ship canies a maiine chionometcr, which Is a tmie-kccpci ol the most cateful coiisliue- llon, whose accuracy lias been tested with the utmost precision—vv tii<-ti is plainly* a matter ol the utmost impoi ttinue to a vessel when it is lenieinbereil that an crior ol lout seconds of time lepiesouts about one and one-tenth statute miles, enough to wreck a ship on a lee shore vv hen the captain, tollow¬ ing the chroiminetci, supposed himself at a safe distance fiom the shoal or shore. KULES FOK PHEVENT1NG LlSlONb. COL¬ AS the time foi the opening of navigation appioaclies, the news mid reports from the Mil Ions polls 1" U'gaid to the pu'paratlous mid anticipations lor the coming season, come pouting in lo such an extent that we have been puzzled considerably to IIml space lor them all Last week we were obliged to leave ovei several linpoi taut ar¬ ticles until this Issue X* pri„,.|ple, wliile she Has can'}lug ficlgl Ight Tiik edllot of the Hi loud took a tilp las wick iivmi) down south In—well, we won't mi) Dixit— liiit-ln Tennessee, and while up In t|ds lenion" tin north wind did blow, nml wo did. Iinvo enow,1 he was elijoj lug the pleasant sunshine ol that win met clinic, oi culling beautiful llowers that belong to early suilimi'i hours. We hope that eiChe letlirns he will he kind i noiigh to charlci a boat und ship a cat go ol \\in in weathei and llowers to the cold- vveatlu i sin Idled Inhabit,nils ol the lake h glons Wp publish this week the aineliikd lilies and icgiilatlous to pilots on the lakes and ilvcis, und we loiinldci tin ill ol so much liupmtRii(.c thnt we havi placid them on the Hist page where the) will be sure to catch thei')i|lbe lirst thing. We also piinhllsh the uiles loi the pievuutluti ot collisions among sailing vessels. Ot course these i tiles vv ill bo properly observed and onfoi veil Ibis season, and will undoubtedly londitcc to Icvvci dlsiistious collisions. In t|ils ie- spect wn think list year was an impmve- iiiciil upon tlic pievlous one, mil wc e\- p.i t this )cnt lo linpiove upon. last. Ant shipmaster can get upilnled list of tin- beacons, buo)s, stakes and other day luniks In the eleventh United htalcs light¬ house (IIsIiIlI, In e, by applying to the III- spccloi ol the eleventh dlstilct at Detroit. The following extracts from the Revised ."statutes of the Uultuil States providing inles lor the prevention of collisions be- tw ecu vessels arc of Impoi tiiiiuo to vcsselluen sailing the lakes, and will lepay u'eurelul peiusiil by them. The tact that these lules me the law should comiucnd their obser¬ vance by nil vesselim-n, as piool of theii stilet obeyance will In all eases liavu gient weight In ease of disaster. bee. 1,2.1.1 The tollovving rules for pre¬ venting collisions on the water shall be lollowcd In tho navigation of vessels of the i uvy and 01 the mercantile murine of the United Stales Utile 1. Every steam-vessel which Is tuidei sail, and not under steam, shall be considered a sail-vessel; and ovei) steam- vessel which Is under steam, whether undui sail or not, shall be* ^oiibldered. u steam- vessel. Kile 2. I he lights mentioned in the fol¬ lowing inlcs, mid on others, shall be call led ill all vycuihcis, between sunset and suu- ilse. Hide J. \ll sea-going, stemueis, and sit iiiueis cair) lug sail, shall, when uiidci way, cair) (AJ_Al tin- foieinabl head, a bilgiil while light, ol such a cliariitlci as lo be visible on a ilalk night, with, n dual at.inosphcie, at a distance ol ut least live miles, and so eon stiucted ns to show a unlloim and unbroken light ovei mi ale ol'lhe huil/on ol Iwcnt) points ol the compass, and so llxid us to Ihtovv the light ten points on each side of the vessel—namely Iroin right ahead to two points abaft the beaij on cither side. (B) On the stai board sldo, a grecu light, ot such .1 diameter us to he vlsiibloou udurk nlgbl, wliluielcui ulmosphi'i v:, ut u distance ot at ld-:iHL two miles, and so const rucled as lo show a nullum) and>iiiibrokuu light ovei an ate of the horizon ol toil points ol the compass, and'so IKtil as lo tin on the light 11oni light ahead lo two points abalt tile beam on the starboard side. (0) On the port side, a roll light, ol nueh a character as to be visible on u daik of ut least two niHes, ami so constructed as to ■ show u uulfoiiiii audi unbroken light over nn nre of leu points ol thecompmm and so fixed ns to throw tin- light ftojn light ahead to two pdlnts abaft tho beam on llicpflfTsWo. flmgreen and red lights shall bo fitted with Inborn d screens, projecting at lonst throo foot foi ward from tlie Ught», so ns to prevent thorn fiom being seen ncios'i tho bow. Itule 1. Steam vessels, when towing other vessels, shall cany two blight white,niiisU bend lights, veillonllv, in addition to thoir , side light's, so us to dlsllttgttWi-lliem from Othci steam vossok'l'achot tl|cso masthead lights shall he of the same character and construction us the masthead light pre- scilbed by Itule 3. Hide S, All steam vessels other than ocoan going Blcaineis, and sieanicis ciurying sail, sliull when under wiiy, curry on the star¬ board nml poit sides lights ol the same char- act ei und eoiisiructlou and in the sime po¬ sition ns me pi escribed lor side lights by Hide II, except In the case ptovided In Itule 0. Hule C,Hlvei steamers, nnvlguling wn- U-is llnwliig Into tl|e Gulf of Mexico nnd llieli tilbiitiii'lcs shall cam' the followllig lights—iiniiiely: One icd light on the out. boaul siilcol the poit suioke-plpe abd one giecu light on the oiitbomd side of the stai- board smoke'plpe. Such lights shall show both foiwaiduud abeam on their icspectlvo sides. Itule 7. All coasting steam" vessels ifnd slemii vessels other than fcrr) bonis, and ve"?^ sels otherwise expiessly provided lor, navi¬ gating the bay«, lakes, livers, oi othci Inland wateis ol the United States, except thoflo mentloiied in Hide 0, shall cany the red nnd green lights, ns presciibed lor ocejtn-go^mj steaimns, and in addition thereto, n ventral laugh ol two white lights; the ufiei light be¬ ing cm lied at an elevation ut at least fifteen feet above tho light at the head oXthcvcssel, Tho headlight sliull be so constructed ns to show n good ligljt through twenty poliits<>f the compass—namely: From light ahend to tw o points abaft the beam on cll]icrslde ol tho vessel; and the altei light so as to show all around the lioilzon. The lights for ferry boats shall bo icgulated by such idles us tho Board of Supervising Inspectors .of"stenm- vessels shall prtsinihe. THE HISTORY ^ THE MARINE L HISTORY CHRONO.V THE E LEK. 11Y CHARLES 1'nODSUAli! Continued. Olio of the expei Iinenls performed by Berthoud must be mcutioiiod, as It IVue been of the greatest service in enabling theYailu- tlons of i nte to he ti need to ihclr true ciiWs, nninel), the cbuiiges ot the thistle forte of the bnlunce-spring', undei clinngcs oy toni' perature. Tlie diminution of elastic force in bluiince spriugs by heat, was suspected as earW as 1H7; us appeals troin tile lollovving passu, in the pilse essay ol the celebrated geometri-' clan, Daniel Bernoulli, lead before tho French Acadeiii) "1 must nut omit a eiioumstaucu which may be piejnillelal to balance watches; It is that expei iiuental philosophers pretend to have iciumked, that ceitniii changes of elastic force unlloiinly follow changes of tenipeiatiiie. II that be the ease the spring can never .inlfoiinly govern the balunee That which Bernoulli only eoiijectuied In 1717, wns, In 1773, established us a maltor cei taint) and the amounts In loss of lime, due to eiuh ol those three causes, opeinllug conjointly, were subjected, to calculation and experlnienfu)TleitliOiitt;nllh the following Icanlt One ol the maiine watches in passing tioiu 0° U) 27° Heauuiui (te° to !U0 Full ) loconds I^cuui l-( i (Hum by cxpiuhlon of dlHlue- Ur id liulanco CJ Illlto dltlo by Iobh nl uiirlim'" wlimllo turco . 1112 Ultua illtLo by oluuBOllou of tliu»|>rhi«. ID 3'J3or0iu Ml - Few ol tho watchmakers of the present day can form an adequate notion ot the (llllleu'ltles which had to be overcome h\ tlic earl) watchmakers, on lluding thai llielr watches vailed losogieutnn extent us six minutes Ihlrty-lhiee seconds, In uusslu^froiu ;ii<a io 1)2° Fiihienhclt; while a dock, with n seionds' pemlnliiiii, was known not to ullei more than ubout twenty seconds, undei slmi- lai elreiiinstaiieea. lsoeliionlsin.lsan inheient ptopcityof the