ki A< A' 3^ngineei[ing. t D NEB'S PATENT THBEE-CYLIN- - ' DEB ENGINE. Continued flom page 1 on mnolilno la fncod nlTao tliat it bolt win bo driven from It for nny mo desired. Slws of Holster, 4' 8" long? 2' 4" wldo x 2H1" IiIrIi, oapnolty 1,800 lbs. Those holsters nro rntod nt ordlnnry speeds nnd prossuros, which oan bo Inoreniod to suit clreiinrttiuioei. - Figure 3 represents another compact form of stS»m liolntoi. particularly adapted to nil cull wrwre rapid work Is required. This dorloo js the result or practical oiporlouco, nftor consultation with vossol and barga oap- tains as to their wants and suitability for their work. Each drum Is drffen by tho one onirlne, a 0x8,16 horsorpovvor, and entirely Independent of each Whor. Eaoh drum Be¬ ing IB'1 dmm«tcr by 12" long, lscapablool -ralslnit 2,000 pounds. Aa In the single hoist, one lover Is all that Is necossnry to opernto eaoh drum; Iwhon placed op dock, or on a vessel, two hntohos can be unloadod at tho samo time, doing tho work of two holsters. Being llghtland ooonomloal of spneo required, It takes up but little room for the araountof work that can be accomplished, and can be fastened right on to tho deck of tho vessel, so as to be Dotweon tho hatchoa, or as may be most convenient. Tills same hoist can be used for loiidtngas well as unloading. Each drum In which the gearing Is encased, has plugs on fMfl of drum, which con bo un- aurewod an* about a quart of oil put in each drum, which lubricates all the-gearing and intornal bearings constantly, one charge1 lasting a long time. This holster being pro¬ vided with two winch heads, each of which can be operated Independently ol the other, Is useful for many pUrposoe, such as making 1 sail or using the crank adjustments with which they are provided, for using a pair of bilge or other pumps. The construction of the levers for operating the drivers are the ', * ■_____________________________L_ , » ... very iindealratolo^but our.townsmen have remedied that oMoetlon, and the waste wa¬ ter Irom tho cylinder Is carried off In tho exhaust pipe, thus overcoming a serious de¬ fect In former machines, 'i hu machines will ho connected with steam, and aljowud to thoroughly test Its capacity before leaving, tho shops. HOW A GOOD ENGINE SAVES COAL. Tho best automatic ortglnos (npn-condens- Inn) furnish one Indicated horse power for About throq pounds of mod eonl, depending Somewhat upon the flmqaa-of-tho onglno for tho work and tho qmutj of tho coal. Wlt|i a condenser attachoil~n consumption as low as two pounds may be quoted as gdod prac¬ tice. The larger tho engine, tho better the show Ing tin compared with einullor engines. For the ordinary slide-valve engines, the coal burned per Imlldntei) horse-power will vary from nine to twelve" pounds; for tho sako of Illustration we will say lun pounds, and that tho engine Is of suoh size as would require, for a year1* use, $3,000 worth of coal. Now, an ordlnnry adjustable cut-oft englno, with throttling governor, ought to save at least one-half that amount of coal, or sny $1,000 per year. If the best automatic engine were employed, using 2% pounds oi coal per indicated horse power, a further saving of |750 per year could be elfcctcd; or between the two extremes, $2,250 per year In saving of coal, without Interfering in nny way with the power, with the exception, that perhaps the automatic engine will furnish a better power than the Cornier engine. It 1b easy to see that It Is true economy td buy the best engine and pay the extra cost of construc¬ tion, If the saving of coal Is an ejement (and it Is generally the most Important one) en¬ tering Into the question ot selection. The above considerations uro given on the au¬ thority of Barr, a very careful nnd conserva¬ tive writer on steam engineering. ' One of the principal engineering inven¬ tions, noticed of late in tho foreign journals, Is a dovloe for tho Instantaneous formation of stoam, Which permits of Its use at onoo In the cylinder of the onglno. A pump sends tile required quantity of liquid botwoon two plato surfaoos, which aro heated, and be¬ tween whloh there la only a capillary spnoe. Tho effooe of this arrangomont Is that tho liquid spreading In a thin layer ovaporatoa at once, without going at all Into tho so- calledspbroldal state, nnd this steam acts In tho cyllndor as fresh-formed steam. The speod of tho pump Is regulated by tho en¬ gine,- the pump being connected with tho shaft of tho englno.-tbo arrangements oper¬ ating very satlafaetorlly. Tho Herald.thinks that the suggestions of Mr. Gross on the efficacy of gaslight In fogn, mny materially help to solvo tho problem of a light for ships sufficiently vlslblo In ocean togs to prevent collision: nnd oven though It has not been proved that the oleetrlo light Is unsuitable for this purpose If It can be shown that pure, non-smoking gas Is capa¬ ble of giving an equally fog-penotrating light tho choapness of petroleum and tho ease whloh It oan bo viroorJieti^and carried In a oondonsed state, wlir make It" preferable for use at sea. The statement was mado by Mr, Gross that tho gaslights burned nt Astoria, on the East river shore, opposite Ninety-sec- ord stroot ferry, during several very foggy days, could either be plainly seen on tho New York side, or at least a strong eorona could bo observed In place of the distinctive gas flames, and tho pilots were safely guided y these lights when all the others, Includ¬ ing the powerlul eleotric light nenr One Hundredth street, were uqdlscernable. Tho discussion in congress ns to tho causes of the decline In Amorluin shipping has* brought out aoruo curious facts. It seems that the carriage of freight from port to port is no longer n profitable business. RAPID OCEAN TRANSIT. Tho question ot fnpld ocean transit must always bo nn Important one. Vessel aftor vessel has boon built which surpassed all provlous onoB Mi speed, until tho Alaska mado the trip In seven days. But ovon this speod did not satisfy ship owners and build¬ ers, and another vessel Is being built to out¬ do tho Alaska and Arizona. Tho new vessel, tho Oregon, jvhlch Is being built by tho samo company whloh turned our tho two steam¬ ships mentlonod. twill Jiot bo much larger than tho Alaska, but her engines aro to In¬ dicate no loss than 13,000 horso-powor. She will liavo but ono scrow about 24 feet In dl- amotor. Steam will bo suppllod by twolvo ' boilers, each, with six furnacos 3 fcetO Inohes In dlametor,tho grates being a little over six feet long. The Alaska has nine boilers, with six furnaces IrTeneh ot about the samo slzo. As the Oregon will burn about twonty pounds of coal per square foot of grate Kor hour, her consumption In twenty-four ours will not be much less than 300 tons, arid the water consumed each day In the pro¬ duction of steam will amount to 2,700 tons, making the total amount of wator evapor¬ ated on the voyage across the ocean three times more in weight than the whole ship's oargo, engines and all. The pressuro of hor scrow against the wntor will amount to ninety-four tons, or as muoh as twenty of tho most powerful locomotive engines, and in expected to propel her at the rftte of twentv miles an hour. The new vessel is Intended to reduce the time made by tho fastest vessels across the Atlantic nt least half a day. "* Tho hoadohains of the schooner David Dows are frozen in the Ice at Toledo. As soon as tho Ice Is broken away from them It Is said Cnptnln Sheldon will hnve 40,000 bushels ot \ylioitt placed on the Dows at No. 0 house and will tluiah out her load nt the new'D. k M. Fig. 5 same as In the single hoist, which has been fully described on tho preceding page. An¬ other feature of thli holster is Its reliability. The first one We made has been doing the most severe duty It could be put to for over one year without a single cent of oost for re¬ pairs. Size, 6' long x 3' 0" wide x 2' 10" high. Special sizes made upon application. Figure 4 Is a transverse section of Gard¬ ner's patent throe-cylinder engine, showing the cylinders pistons and connecting'rods; also, a broken section of steam and exhaust passages. Figure 5 represents a longitudinal section of Gardner's patent tliree-oyllnder engine, showing connection of piston to crank-pin and shaft, cccontrlo nnd valve motion; nlwo steam and exhaust passages; also steam port to piston in cylinder. Fig. 0 is taken from a 12x12 throttling en- S'ne, and the Nob. 1, 2 and 3 correspond to e pistons In each cylinder. This cut Illus¬ trates tho distribution of steam for one revo¬ lution, and Is lettered and numbered so<w to Illustrate to those unfamiliar with dia¬ grams, the impoitnnt points and curves. The following Is the explanation A—No 1 PUton. A'—Whore It would overlap No. 3 Piston continuing The revolu¬ tions. B—'terminal Lluoot ordinary Dia¬ gram. rA-*Admission Lino AC—9tc«m Line. C—Point of Cut-off. C D—Expan¬ sion Curve. D—Point of Exhaust Opening. E—Point of Exhaust Closing. E F Com¬ pression Curve. FIG. 0.,-INDICATOR DIAGRAM GABDNEB'S THREE-CYUNDEB ENGINE. HIGH SPEbD ENGINES. Catasauquii (Pa.) Dispatch, Messrs Da- vies & Thomas, of tho Sprlngdnlo Machine and Foundry Works, tills place, have In course of construction a newly patented bigh-speed engine, which is pronounced by competent mechanics as one of unusual merit. They have six almost completed, and are thoroughly testlngand working down the bearings before plating tho sanle on tho mar¬ ket. They aro of the uprlglifpattern, with every detail paid to speed and durability. The bearings are unusually long and heavy, and tho machine is capable of making 000 revolutions per mlnnte without overtaxing t, whloh capacity eminently Ala It for olee¬ trlo light purposes. Many upright engine; are capable of performing good service, but amount of leakage of water makes them PROTECTING IBON FBOM RUST. A new process for preserving Iron Is de¬ scribed by Los Mondes. It consists In treat¬ ing the casting Willi dilute hydrochloric acid, which dissolves a little of the metal and leaves a skin of homogeneous graphite hold¬ ing well to tho Iron. The artlclo Is then washed In a receiver with hot or cold water, or cooked with steam, so as to remove com¬ pletely the chloride of iron that has been formed. Finally the piece is allowed to dry In the emptied recelvor and a solution of ca¬ outchouc, guttapercha, or gum resin In es¬ sence of petroleum Is tnlected, and tho es¬ sence afterward evaporating leaves a hard and solid enamel on the surface of the Iron work. Another plan Is to keep the chlo¬ ride of iron on the metal Instead of washing It oft, and to plunge the piece Into a buth of sillcato and bornte of soda Thus Is formed a slllcobnrat of Iron vei y lard and brilliant, whicn fills the pores qf the metal skin.- As tor the chlorine disengaged, It combines with the soda to form chloride of sodium, which remains In the- pickle. AN HISTORIC FERRY BOAT llio transfer boat Maryland, after having been thoroughly oveihauled and Improved, lias again been put on tho transfer ferry be¬ tween Harlem Rlvei station and tho Pen¬ nsylvania Rnllioad Btatlon In Jersey City. Tho Maryland is now morojjiah 30 ycais old, and will perhaps bo remembered by many traveh rs nnd old soldiers. '1 he boat unfl built In 1852 Tor the Philadelphia, Wlj- iiilngtou and Baltimore Co., and at that time was lulleved to be the largest ferry boat In tho world For a number of years she was used to transfer trains across tlio busqiitlianiia between Perryvlllo and Ilnrve de Grace. At tho beglnlng of the war, when railroad commimlpatlon between Baltimore and Phihtderptiln was Intenupted by the burning of/die bildgeB near Balti¬ more, the boat n as for some time in very active service transpirlliig troops nnd stores from Pcrryville to Anmipolls/ After tho bridjfe over the Susquehanna nt Havre de Grate was built, she was iiild up for several vears, and in 1870 uus bought by the New York and New England Co. and placed on the route between the Harlem River and Jersey Cltj, and line since been actively employed until laid up for repairs a short time ago. Competition among commercial nations has become so severe thaton the capital invest¬ ed It Is believed there Is a return of not more than 2 per cent. Such a state of things has led to abuses, such as Mr. Samuel Pllm- soil of England, soeffootuallv exposed. Ships are insured with the deliberate intention on the part of the o"Wners to have them wreok- ed. But one of the meanest of dodges Is the sendlngof ships to sea Insufficiently victuall¬ ed When provisions run out passing ves¬ sels are hailed, and, In accordance with the hospitable practice of the marines of the world, supplies are asked for and given without monov or price By this means economical shipowners support their crews by what Is roally a system of beggary. Phis class of vessels are now called the „beggarB of the sea." The decreased value of •nib- pin Is due In great measures to the telograph. Bofoie there were sea cables and land lines vessels would sail from port to port very often enMity.buti.Jlow the tonnage of the ocean can be utilized, for tho o^norcaii follow his vessel and order the captSTrrto buy here and sell there, and so keep up his tonnage, and save all waste. Economically this is beneficial to commerce, but the pre¬ sent cllcct Is to render the competition very great and reduce the profits of tile ship¬ owner. THE LIVXKMGRE bl'YLOGRAPUlC PEN. An artlclo of almost,unlimited value to our readers Is the Llvermore Stj lographlc pen. In shape the cbbc- resembles a pocket pen, and Is not much larger round than an or¬ dinary lend pencil la mado of hard lubber and consequently vurj durable, the handle of tho pen, being hollow, la the fountain containing Ink, the pen on being filled can be used In every place that one would use a lead pencil and writes as clear a lino as any ordlnnry steel pen. Our readers will at once see thejtreat value of this combination that can be carried In the pocket with as muoh safety as a pencil and is always roadj for use You can buy ono of those famous pens by remitting |2 to Louis E. Diinlap, Manager Stylographie Pen Co., 200 Washington St, Boston, Mass. I'ho pen, together with n psckagoof superior Ink, will be sent by re¬ turn mall. The Stylographlo Pen Co. have recently made (nmjUuiprovomunts In their pen, and have alsofeduced the price 'from $3 to $2. i he English ship Pojyphomus Is supposed to bo a ram, pure and .simple, unless, as an English engineer suggests, she Is also a fail¬ ure. The vessel is Intended to discharge flail torpedo from the bow nnd from the aide, and has the torpedo tubes some 0 feet under wa¬ ter, but In the effort to dischdrge the torpe¬ does u very curious trouble has developed itself. When the vessel Is going nt full speed the 18-foot torpedoes art/jammed fast by the vessel's motion through the water as soon as'they slick their noses ouujldo her hull^ If by extraordinary exertions t|iey nro finally got off. the scrow, or stern, or tall, la bent or tw Isted, nnd the course the torpedo then describes Is u very erratic one. 'As a remedy, a plate 10 Inches wide and 25 feet long, hud been placed sb ii sort of a fen¬ der In front ot tho torpedo opening, and In the lee of this the torpedo is discharged. Unfortunately the resistance of the water has usually been too much for (he plate Or bar, and tho torpedo has usually stuck half in and half out ot the ship. It seems to be doubtful whether, if the torpedo Is once successfully discharged, its courso can be firedicted with any degree of certainty. If t should happen to move in a half circle and strike the Pol) phemus bow on, It might prove Its efficiency In a most Inconvenient manner New boilers are to be put Into the vessel, but In order to do this the old ones ore to be taken out, and It Is a question whether ft will bo cheaper to cut a hole In the bottom or break Up her decks for the purpose. As tho vessel has a completo ar¬ mor duck, Some ciiginoorB think It will do better to remove the old ones through tho bottom. When the hollers woro In good humor and did not prlmo very badly, this 240-foot ship made 15 knots per hour. On a trip, by bottling up steam, 1W knots woro made So far the trouble In attaining a high speed has been with the boilers, which are of the locomotive type and have prlmod moat Vigorously. ,, ITCHING PILES-SYMPTOMS CURE. AND The symptoms aio molsturo llko perspira¬ tion, Intense Itching, particularly nt night after getting warm In bed; seems as if plu- worms woro ornwllng in nnd about tho rec¬ tum; the private parts are often affected. om [Swayno's Ointment Is a pleasant, euro oure. y "Also for all skin diseases. \