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of tKe mi *. The t-»- rs of fneh places ate not all fmaghwry. S»< dimes the roof falls in, and the miners are untied beneath a inafs .if ttones and earth ; fjmetimes a fudden Hood of water di owns than, aid at other times they are dell roved by the gunpowder Hafts with which they rend the rocks. Thefe occurrences ate not frequent, and yet they have all happened In the Owdin mine. The greater part of the inhabitants of Caf- condition feems as towards the catara&. I afcend -1 a ldd«J tleton are miners. 11'cir onchangable as that of the Hindu calls, far -altho' not made hereditary by the compul¬ sion of law or the influence of religion, it be¬ comes fo by a kind of ueceihty, and thus men, women and children, from generation to generation, are all in one way and anoth¬ er, employed about the mints. Having thrown off my miner's orefo, I went with an¬ other guide to fee The Speedwell or Navigation Mine. This mine proved to be a very different thing from that which 1 had jnil lift, and I found no difficulty in wearing my ukial drew. We entered a wooden door, placed in the fide of a hill, and defcended 1.06 ftone fteps, laid like thofe of a fet of cellar Hairs. The paffage was regularly arched, with brick, and was in all refpedls convenient* Raving reached the bottom of the freps we found 2 handf-rne vaulted paffage cut Uir.vy h folid lime'lone. The light of our candles difcovered that it extended horizon- tally into the mountain, and its floor was covered with an unruffled expanfo of wat^r, four feet deep. The entrance of this paf¬ fage was perfedUy f;milar in form to the taOUtH of a common oven, only it was much larger, Its breadth, by my estimation, was about five feet at ihe water's furface, and its height four or Rvc feet, reckoning from the iame place. On this unexpected, and to me at that mo¬ ment, mcompreheuiible canal, we found launched a large,'clean and convenient boat. We embarked, ard puUed ourfelves along, by*taking hold of wooden pegs, fixed for that purcofc in the walls. Oar pro^refs was through a pattage wholly artificial, it having bten all blalled and hewn nut of the foHd reck. You will readily believe that tin's ad- ventnre was a delightful vcereati )n. I never felt more forcibly the power of contrail. In- ile^d of crawling through a dirty paffage,we V«#£ bW pitel&itiV etHo^-far, #fld were pufhing along into I knew not whatlolitary regions of this rude earth, over an expanfc a3 ferene as the fummer leas. We had not the odors njr the iilken fails of Cleopatra's barge, but we excelled her in melody of found, and dtftiufltnels of echo ; for, when in th<: gaiety of my fpirits I began to ling, the Doama.i ibon g?#err»e to pndcvilard.that no one fnoald ling In his mountain without his permifiion ; aid before I had uttered three notes, he br<>ke forth in fuch a ft rain, that I was cunicnted to liften, and yield the palm without a contelt. His voice, which was ftrdrT^7^!':arand melodious, made all thofe fiicnt regions rittg ; the long vaulted pafTa^e augmented the ciieel; echo anfwered with great diftinctneis aad had the genii of the mountain been there, tlv.y would doubtlefs have taken pafiage with us, and hearkened to the fang. In the mu. \ time we began to hear the found of a diilant waterfall, which grew louder and louder, as we advanced un¬ der the mountain, till it increafed to fuch a roarino noife that the boatmen could no Ion- ger be heard. In this manner we went on, a quarter of a mile, till we arrived in a vait cavern formed there by nature.—The min¬ ers, as they were blading the rocks at the time when they were forming the vaulted paffage, accidentally opened their way into thts cavern.—Here I rh'fcovered how the ca¬ nal was lup;,iitd with water; I found that it communicated with a river running thro* the cavern at right angles with the arched p-'.ffag;, and falling down a precipice twen- ' ty-£ve feet, into a dark abyfs. After croffiog the river, the arched way v> continued a quarter of a mile farther, on the ether fide, making in the whole, half a nile from the entrance. The end of the arch is fix hundred feet below the fummit of the mountain. When it is confide red that all this was effected by mere dint of hewing, and Dialling, it mutl be pronounced a Ru- p-ndous performance. It took eleven years of conftant labor to effed it. In the mean time the fortune of the adventurer was con- i timed, without any difcovery of ore except a very little lead, and to this day, this great work remains only a wonderful monu¬ ment of human labor and pcrfeverance. During the whole period o£ five years c-lpl^Y continued this work, after they teth* ke cavern tIley tlli'ew tn? rubhitti in- WWW ab>t...:rid k has aut ftu,.bly filkd h They have conr d to jncfcafc ^ fc racfrbecataraabyr.xt-nffa zateaWth. i'-»l atfo elevated on a poUr, I could dilcovcr id t,r: my guide aflured mc that none had be found, although they had afefeideq v<» high. This cavern is without excotio the mod grand and folemn place that ha ever feen. When you view me as n fl ce-itreof a mountain, in the mich't of ;vC: where the regularity of the walls loo H ........-....... _ . , , , . , fil- to yield many repealed crc-^s made by pkcea ox timber fixed in W u\ mimxt feeing now and then ad&ea.* of the cavern, :.n i with the aid »i a cantl " j^^^ wjt^out experience, if i without thought on the ful«ft, fa jb*r lands wiU not bring hemp. Moll kinds ei foil will yield good crops of it, il **•"*• If poor, manure them. Every hufoanoman can manure and cultivate laud encugn for giving him rich crops of hemp. The plow- ings for reducing ground to a mellow gar- den-like ftate fhould be many,: preceding the fome vail rotunda, when you think of n jrj fovvin^ Every time that young weeds cr as flowing acrofs the bottom of this ca appcar> plow them in repeatedly. When the ground is thus well cleared of the feeds of weeds, then fow hemp-feed, znd repeat it, year after year, on the fame ground ; giving it a little manure and two autumnal\pkwings ; and the like plowings with harrowings in the Utxt fpring, immediately before fowiug. April, v/hen the ground is moid, clean and mellow, in garden-like condition, from plowings and harrowings, is the time for fowing hemp. The plants then foon appear, and rapidly cover and (belter the whole fur- face of the ground ; whereby weeds are kept fa hemp , a little | ■ Theheavieft w\>rk in prpti or fu Lhe breaking and W«'lc.J,.r» . ,ut as it is the w%' k qf lei Jugbear pait of ihe bulincfs ca iccompliihetl, and tkie liemp narket in the fpring. GOMMUitiGdTl Mkssss. Editor • in rl'$ p use has Utn prcpojtd\ a>{ fjai Jam ir.rcrtjh You wilt have tL g^ following tfougbti on the Jul jt ftf <*,</ A FRIEND 79 7 r em, and falling abruptly into a profoud byfs, with the Running noife of a Catanft when you isdgineB that by the li^htof fire wo'k of gunpowder played oifonpu pole to render this darknefs vifible, theba of the cataract is illuminated even di)«i I the furface of the water in the abyfs,an the rays emitted by the livid bl?zc ofth preparation, are refle&ed along the dripn'" walls of the cavern, till they are loft in tl darker regions above, you will not wade that fuch a fcene fiiould feize on my ^0) foul, a.»d fill me with awe and aftonifhmet. AGRICULTURAL. KJ- 1 For the KiNdTo$ Ga'. ?ttv ■ under, and exhalation is greatly prevented My hemp never futfered materially from drought but once, and that of a fowing in May. It was never found n^cefTary to weed what was fowed for a crop ; but only fuch as ve^ foy-n thin for producing feed. Some¬ times feed was faved from the margin of the field, where the plants hue room to brunch, and werec rarfe. i "YV hen tJie male or imnreornatino- nlmts ihewea maturity by fome change in lhe col¬ or, and by the farina or d.:ft flying t.3' from the bloflbini, all was pulled up, both male and female : end the pulling of every day was put into a fait water cow, in the evening of the fame day, bound up in fraall bundles, and funk 4-J fc-et h the water, in a thick fcuare bed. The third da/ it was infpec~ted ; and from the third to the fifth it was enough rotted, as it is called. In examining it with finger aad thumb fome of the roots were broke. If they bent or were tough, it wr.s not enough ; when they inapt off'fliort like lifs, it was enough : bu'. the bark alfo was The hemp was tlum taken out of the water, ?ad the heads laid doping down to diaiu till morning ; for i' was ulually taken out in tie evening. In the moroing it wa? fpread, *d whiKl drying, once turned. In a few fair days it was diyy and then carted b an ©yj^jgeco houie, where it was bulk- g tried MESSRS. FDITORS, ' PRESUMING it to be ynur ri.'i to make'your paper as generally ifcful a"^. poflible, permit me to fugged to you \\h. propriety of appropriating fome of ?ts nl- umiis to the pnrpofe of ddtufiing j.jprfr/c- ments in agriculture ; an art which ii boe- ficlal to all ra:iks'»«uid conditions tf ntn. and in which a large part of your fibferb- e'rs is exclusively occupied. Swift makes the powerful and benevolent toonalph of Broldiognag afiert, u that whoeve.could make two eara of corn, or two bh'ks of graft, to grow upon a fpot of grounc kxrfaere only one grew before, would defervebetu-r of mankind, and do more Hernial fe.'ice to h;s country, than the whole race c' loliti- clans put together." But I prefume ot to arrogate luch high pretention* in be!If of rural oeconomy ; or even to put it 01 lev¬ el with the lofty as well as profound (ecu- lations of Mr. Randy, on the ufefurfe of Balloons and the wJu©«»FOvto^(t« ^ t|u>il i or the notable plan of another of y.urcor- refpondents, who, becaufe wc have tbe mif- fortnne to he overrun by- quacks in phytic, would hg^y give the fame free fa<pc to ftettifoegeni i:\ (aw ; Vtt it would be no mean advantage tc/^ comivuun;*vat arp-e, and to the farmer* in particular, if th>ty.ter could he cusxd of their prejudices agaiwl trie cultivation of hemp ; if they would kai to improve in the making and preferring of their butter and cheefe ; in meliorating hat moft ufeful vegetable the potatoe, and h in- creating its quantity without taking upfor it a larger portion of foil ; if they wuid make thcmfelves acquainted with the mtb- od of having conftantly within their rcich the bed feeds for their fields and gardes ; take fome leflbns for the better managCt'Efit of their orchards, and condefcend to be taught how to make the moft of the ich juice of their maple trees. As they ire now probably awakened from the :-ohen vifions which allured fo many of them i.to ■ «• ■ i i f *****>» the lumber trade, they may be the more n- n* ,1and Vfin% rthrouth.^^ ™* g ' dined to attend to what will more ceitahiv W^P*"^ theW !°? C°" ji up till the ftu--^ct^curin? the other crops was over. It was ^ro^emod fwmdfid into ropey for my farms ; the reft t-^ld to rape-ni:-ikers, from the lwingle. The rope was bright and ll'onq, and f**M to h.\'-f a quality ej^uUng <"t to the bounty then offered for water-rotted hemp. A fmall part of one of my crops of hemp was //c;3> rotted : which va> fuffici nr/iy dil- guftingto forbid a repetriion of that mod-*. Iz was 1 tedious while on the ground. Winds blew iL about and entangled It. Tt rotted martially : not the v/hcle of tiie fame fibre dike. Here it was ftrcng—ihere weak. Where there is only 1 llream of water, it might be proper not to place the hemp in >he ftrtam ; but, digging a deep coloug re- rentacle, let a fufficien- v of the «^m pafs hrough it, when full, >n one R«r u l- t ^at- iral current. There rot the b?,r vMter ; which fhould conftanfy kWieaH dc comingr and eatily improve their circumftances, wife- out carrying them out of their ordinary pir- iuits. On all the abovementioned fubjefts, I m ■ 1 opting or being flagrant ; but not 10 rap- dly as to fret off its Kark,-1 After pulling the ke'n^i wccds grfiW up ; vlu'ch were reduced, ap*tlie. ground was left r~ ir r n it ' , i-n -• h clean rottrlitinn till/** fprimr bv plowinOTi m poffeffion of valuable papers, publ: heu dv 5 conaitu.n tin t a / o 1 ■ t ir • r 1 1 ... I Hpvincr nn minnt/ol the quantity ot feed the agricultunl ocietyof the State of Mil- riavmg no rnmui' *i . Cr°r^ , ' . =»«■«« i.-«ui : t i ,r.imend wiiai kerns bell. fachuictts, and communicated to th-t lo< e- If , \ , „ +v. a ^ c .1 , .- , . , , _ , nllt t aieat v Ae-^OOA on the tiate or the ty not by inoculative, but by practical m.ji, ««-t it gieat.v ae who have the.nlelves experienced the advaa- tages of purfiing the courle which they ie- eonpmend. Should you be difpofed to ap¬ prove of my plan, and give them cireulatiitn through the medium of your paper they fliall he very much at your fervice, and th_t of the,public. Your obi. fervt. AGRICOLA. jround, and the/.>wP0^8% wnic]l the crop t intended. £ little experience will afcer- ain the prop'"" quantity. Two bnfhels of fed to an a"e» 1 believe, are a full portion Or rope^A little lefs might be;bout the |uantivTf"wt:d- IftH'ground be good and wtllprepa.cd, iq cror 'is more certain than hemp, lowed in jme/ and when the foil is moid. Hemp n , n u **"' . .,.,4 s the ground from May till .bout the Unite Culture and Curing c/Hemp. U of Auguli, and from early Augud it BT A GENTLEMAN IN MARYLAND. ( THE extenftve ufefulnefs of hemp, the little interference of its culture with the oth¬ er work of farmers in America ; and, wAl luater-rottedy the eafe with which it is prg?r- ed for rope, as well as the general ce;r;:'tv of the crop with a good price, led me o ad¬ mire it in preference to other uneor/i in ar¬ ticles of crop. Much is (aid of the cultivation of hemp ; and there appears a coniiderabJ-- variety in the modes of rnanagement. My practice was iimple. Ground, level/n«] rather low. not wet, and a mellow loarf. whether of th , uld be advantageoufly flieltend with r rowth of buckwheat, till this blolloms ; :p.d then during a temperate llr.teof heat, it Js plowed in as a manure. Buckvheat muft c;t run to feed on ground to r i»vvn with iH:np. 1 have had it fpring up ard contend 'vith growing hemp, till the buck has been five feet high* h- 14 .1 . i 1 IT is well known t^at but fewiov i ;i:. tive of good, can, (from the imp^t) tt% nature) be carried into t tT-£l, wh^w ' Uitt evils. The eitablilhment of« . , would molt certainly be auerrlbd ^v*h inftanc:', the bank notta, \f\hun if»< j.ieateror lefs extent, be counterfeit , ,|^ I ave a tendency, in p opi^tion as tbt^ injure the credit of cne bank,would b*. dividuala fufferingimiKfirions, and pti | , a temptation to (ume to become chut „. ^ t -( who would otherwise have remained n other objedlion which has betfa offertdf^* .. ty of giving the bills of the banka en v tain an ex^enfive circulation. It is fa in Montreal would be unfrteodly co f« mt at this place, and would not erKouiag j}g the bills: that a bank, had already bt I -• Mmtre^l, but was found im|-.f</£bc the only or the principal objections v* tfi offered, to the eliabiiihtnent of the 2&, On the other hand, I believe it xv \ that, could thefe eviU >c «i«*qg 3»*».. w >u!d refult as well to the pubtic a ..- . t from fuch an cftabliflnnent. if We (den-.s, we ha^e only to refer to our mr>? and ta almott ev^ry wealthy and cot »n Europe. If we !o<*k to (heT/lrib there find that the banking f, flem h of much good, and ?/e cannot dciiy fequrnces. But the evils refiiUin vae United Stares are of fuctr* prevail in th.s place ; the prii cij;. t wantof ipecie to lorm fuiRcient %a piymencs of their tm&* In known, a number of bank', have 4MHP and I am certain if wo ioquiie th* it to have been the one 1 have o wfiry and mifujicierftiinding wb t<* exift amonij the fevcr^l bank^' th?.ir earlidt eftabii^hment. 1 generally known, that wheo cbcif * one fourth the number of bank the fpetie w.is alnaoil tit^lly it ' vaults, and th. fe who afien**1* depended on collerfling bili* gn t drawing the fpecie from ihe r*i created a rivahy anJ a wvAvi generally In N«w En^l^n^, an»i ceptions. The banks wttfch h? co.ifi^ercd tho fpecie bu: :?nt, n b.lli of the new bank ia ^rt* immediate'y coiJ*cted * » \h tl i\r fpecie } and to l\> ■_ Nit W* .iiultiylied, that the f, -r.e at on the remove from oDci^ank zire eVih which certainly -anno fiQHH«fy ^ k*c^* • °.g ' wjuld b^- rne only Cnf rt Wfj mm* th^cfore there wooW b- »»' ^tat.-r. i D- rorniei w* hrt\.,«vf itli^TTIii^e lh| tionsd, I believe need -\ firm a very toifniUahyfir.**' jefiJon, The counicte.ting bufincii, both iiif *• country ar.d in th? Uoicd States, has been carried ** a very g, t a.: excels. M oy hid firmed viiV>"ary|?^ fanguinar> expectations .f fortutvd to be made HyVT but 1 believe experience bs pretry generally ;ouvinccd tbefe adventurers of the fiiltacy of thei^ expectations. At 'irit their foccefj w^ lotnewhat dair-r ng, but it preientthe whole comm- t.ty iz on the vigils codettQ them. People, from - «£*i*nce, baw become better judges of bills j the !ate ack| in Cftoa&J have dufipaced the principal nefts of counttrfv-it^r£ id this country • and 1 am convinced, fronr. thefe and other cuifes, the ra<:e of counterfeiting* Lvao* 0n the rjeclirj^ Tr* dileafr has arrived at its acJ-, and it is bo;>ed is -ku^ to oe cured. i 1 . • ' or toe MESSRS, EDITORS, 1ST0N Gju*m ■lavs. :ft\on wing iene«l Vitb' D1F FE R E XT v-nters ?n so.v <*• per, liate expreff.-d thLir differenceViiotia vefpeaing the pick :it afcportionmert i high¬ way labor, accoidmglto which the l«J>weft rate cannot be lefs tman three dnyialyear, nor tbe higiiefl: move than tweljk Witliottt undertaking lo decide tlveqn of proportion, I cuni.ot forbear &>\\ that this, tax, like our other taxea mi ral in this Province, i.? liaht, comrvre thofe of other countries, and even tlj boring States. As our highway payable in labor, they are eafily p I am fure no rateable inhabitant complain of bting required by l:.. tiibute three days ^,,^5 ju a )V. improvement of the public roads, H'. as his other taxes aie fo ineonfide \\i burden of roads is reai'onably ck: ci. heavier in a new' than in an old c This Province is (1 ill compariti'vcl^ and, as one of its iuiiabitant , J v-' maeh more labor were required o» this valuable purpofe. h would be conon.y. The utility of a fefc> e; expeditious communication, beiv^en tre and the remote parts c{ the P is not duly eftimattd. Lll8 for J and 1 l is tlr ■ oiai Mr.Tt.ungfpcahofaf>h-ceofgroit':J.atH(\-'>e,in to ihe boily politic, I. c-..i acuity hapea-.i-d :b': :•',-»■ v ill 1 v vincr, ..rtcry tlwfei ,1 Up' J out 1, cnc<\ , 1 f im- 1 D'h- tv» tlr . - t