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*. fl THE MARINE RECORD. MARINE LAW. Pnpand Xrjmiity fir the Martiu Bttml, IN9UIUNOR CONTINUID, iirtlclo In lnet week's isauo, wo will now pre cccd wjth tho subject of marlno lnaurnnfco. It will bo remembered that In tlmt article woro mentioned some of tlip main principles minting to tho policy of insurance^ and the relation of tho partlos.to tho contraot at tho time of Its- formation, tho contract iteolf, tho mowing of tho expression "perils of tho ten," and tho cases In which a vessel may dovlato from tho prescribed or tho ordinary course of voyage without avoiding tlip con¬ tract of Insurance. Tho next In order will be tho subject of abandonment. It la u well knowo fact that under certain circumstances tho master or owners pf a vessel may hbnn' don.the ship to tbe.lnstiranco company, who will, on'tho payment of tho amount stipu¬ lated In the Policy, becomo the owners of the wreck, and they can nttempt a roscuo, effect a sale, or abnniloii her at their option. Aban¬ donment, as defined In the Now York code, "la tho act by which, nftcr n constructiveJo- • tal lose, a person Insured by contract of ma- rine liiausance doc-lures to the Insurer that ho'relinquishes to him bis Interest in the thing Insured." A person Insured by n con¬ tract of marine Insurance may abandon tho llilng Insured or anv distinct portion-thereof separately valued in tho policy and collect tho value thereof, us in case of total loss, when the loss Is occasioned by one of tho perils insured against: 1. If more than half thereof In value is actually lost or would have to be expended to recover It from peril 2. If it is injuicdtn such nn extent as to reduce Its value moro than half. 3. If tho thing insured being a ship the contemplatedvoyago cannot bo lawfully per¬ formed without Incurring to Iho insured an expense of more than one-half the value of Iho thing abandoned, or without Incurring a risk which a prudent man would not un¬ dertake undqr the circumstances; or 4. If the thing insured being cargo or freightage, the voyage oannot be performed or another vessel procured by tho master within a reasonable tlmo without Incurring a greater risk than one-half tho value of the same; but freightage canpot be abandoned lii any case without the vessel Is .also aban¬ doned. As noted in one of the proceeding para¬ graphs, wlieru goods are separately valued they may bo separately abandoned as a total loss when they aro Injured to any extent greater than one-half their value. This Is an important point and circumstances of this klpd frequently occur. And those Insuring cargo will do well to look to It when Insur¬ ing thoso.articlcs especially liable to Injury and bo careful to have them separately val¬ ued, As thereby they may be enabled to re¬ alize, when otherwise a blanket Insurance would leave a lot of iujlired goods on their hands to dispose oi. Insurance companies understand thcBO things anil will npt sops iirntcly value articles unless required to do so. The next question for consideration Is a constructive total loss. This is such a loss as will entitle the party to abandon;or, placed in another and hotter light, It is where the thing insured is reduced to such a state or.situation that its probable detraction U highly Imminent and its ultimate arrival ex¬ ceedingly doubtluU Tho right of abandon¬ ment docs not depond upon the certainty, but upon the probability, of a total loss. The words tmc-half tho valuo as used In the pro¬ ceeding rules refer to tho market valuo. As to tho basis of valuation of a ship In case of total loss tho authorities aro not agreed, some claiming that tho valuo at tiio time of a sale; but this Is somothlng whldh Is not likely to oepur In our lako tralllo, aurround- .<.„*,.....-.. —......------ ed, an tlio lakes aro, with (olographic comi In fulOUmontof tho plan laid down in our fmunlcatlon. .Those aroafowof the Titos' applying to total loss cither actual or con¬ structive. Thoro ta another kind of loss called jiartlal loss, which Is a dogrco of lots less than one-half tho valuo of tho property lost. Every loss whloh la .not total Is a par¬ tial loss. Few rnlos aro nocosaary with ro- gard to partial loss. AH that Is re"qulrod Is to cstlmato tho amount of loss and tho com¬ pany mhstmakoltgood,elthorby payment or, In case of Injury to a ship, by thorough repairs. Briefly reviewing Iho, subjeot of marine Insurance, the essentials may bo summed tip asjbllows: First, Tho Insured must hnvo an Inlorest In tho tiring Insured. „ Second, He must enumerate al) tho cir¬ cumstances under which tho risk la to bo ta¬ ken, and make no concealments of facts which will havo any bearing on tho same, Third, Ho must conform himself to those- specifications unless for tho reasons previ¬ ously enumerated. Fourth, lie must pay the Btlpulated pre¬ mium, y • Fifth, Ho must give prompt notlco In caao ofloas. ' t Sixth, Tho policy, unless It contain stipu¬ lations which tho law will look upon aa against public policy and thereby null and void, will be taken ns tho express contract of tho parties, and losses must be adjusted thereby. " Seventh, Tho Insurer must pay pnrtlaf[ losses In full. Eighth, Total losses* actual or construc¬ tive, lender tho Insnrer liable for full amount and cuticle him to tho wreck or injured goods. REGISTRY OF SMALL VESSELS from the Maritime ItegUttr. Tho Treasury Department baa recently re* fused to order the admission to registry of a vcssol Q,l* about four tons measureincn'. Wo do'not know how tho subject was mesented to the Department, but wo think that a decMon In tho contrary Benso might be maintained on tho following basis. The provision of Title XLVIII of tho Re¬ vised Statutes,-which regulato tlie registry of vessels, aro an embodiment of tho Act of (.December 31st, 1702; while Title L, regula¬ ting the license and enrollment of.vesselar.bi. a reproduction of the Act of February 18th, 1703. The two acts, and the corresponding titles, differ it) many respects, especially as to vessels of less than twenty tons. The latter ones.omit vessels of less titan flvo tons from licensing for tho coasting trade or fisheries and by falling to proscrlbo any bond for them, seem to exclude them fronr such licensing. The former ones do not declare any minimum of tonnage as a lino to bo reached to'entlllo a vessel to Tcglstry; and they prescribe a bond of lour hundred dollars, for a vessel of burden not exceeding fifty tons. It seems that Congress Intended to "omit petty' vessels from documenting while engaged in tho coasting trade or fisheries; but not to prevent them from making a foreign voyago by excluding them from the reg'.stry provisions; nor to .permit them to make such a voyage without a register. It Is true that Section 3005 of tho Revised Statutes, taken from Section 02 of the Act of March 2d, 1700, prohibit! importa¬ tion by sea In vessels of less tin n thirty tons burden; but the section docs not forbid registry, nor foreign voyago under register, to any vessel whatever hertonnnge. We think that the Treasury Department might havo admitted tho registry, in view of the law above staled, without any straining of Its provision. So; In the act of Soptcmbcr 1st, 1780, which was suspended by the acts of 1702 and 1703, a vessel was required to bo of twenty tons in order to havo an en¬ rollment, and of five toiiB to have a llconao; but no sucliqua|Ulcatioh was declared neces¬ sary for registry, tho language holng "any vessel built In the United States", etc., may bo registered. Incidentally a curious question comes up In this connection. Section 3000, which is a reproduction from Section 105 of Iho Act of 1700, permits Importation on tho northern value whon repaired Is the true basis. The formor Is tho Amorlcan, the' latter tho Eng¬ lish holding. On tho whole, the first scorns tho moro equltlable, although, under certain '••'.•^cumstancee, the moro difficult to deter> **......,rtine. Tho cost of faking a vessel from tho port of Injury to a port where she ban bo re¬ paired is taken Into consideration as a part of tho oxpenao of repairs In estimating the fifty porcont loss. Tho wages and piovls- lons of the orow during tho tlmo of making tho ropalrs must not bo figured In. When tho ship and oargo aro In such ox- trorao peril that tho master deems It for the best lntorest of all concerned ho may effcot loss Is understood, others claiming that Iho j „„,) 'northwestern fromlors Inland, In boats of any burden, and In rafts of any kind or nature. This may allow of Importation on such frontiers In undocumented vessels of loss than flvo tons; or It may havo Intended an extension of tho license law to vessels of less than flvo tons, on such frqntlore, under Section 4318. If the latter^ thore was an oversight In not prescribing a bond for such vessels, Pretty's Island, noar Pombroko, lias a son- aitlon In tho shape of a wild man eight foet high aid covered with black hair. Ilia home li said to bo on tho island, and two raftsmen who woro bold enough to go In search of him,- had a narrow oscape from being killed, ono of thorn having his arm fraoturcd by tho giant. GENERAL NEWS; Italy has 7,528 sailing vessels and'09 /Stcamors. The trading vessels tiro manned fby 181,881 rhon, of whom 4,888-ffro captains of long courses and 3,800 cabotago captains. \ * Tne Pultun Lumber Company's mill has cut 175,000 foet per day on sevoral occaalons this season ;Llttlo, Peck & Company's, mill has cut05,00o'por day and. Graft", Murry & RoUblns. 75,000 feet. A lawyer in Trenton, N. J., has bullt.a cedar boat, for racing and tourls.'* purposes, modeled nfior the (oi nt^bf tho catfish, or, possibly tho whale. Its" botf is broad, and Its stern sharp and tapering. Its architect .thinks it will revolutionize tho science of boat-bulldlng; The London Truth says that tho Con¬ federate ' bonds boom In England was got | up by Dutch .lews who Imposed upon tho credulity of stupid Englishmen and real¬ ized handaomoly. Wo may look out for an outbreak against Jews In London, led by tho financial dudes. The'Duteh Government is nol; to give the prlzo of 20,000 guilders for the discovery of a "Northeast passage" to tho Intrepid Swed¬ ish explorer Baron. Nordcnskjold. It is refused becnuso the route is rather a scientific than a commercial ono, and it was lor the dlscqvcry ot tho latter that tho reward was offered. Tho deepest sea-sounding over made was Intho Pacific ocean In 1874,neartheenlraneo jo Behring's sea. Tho depth was 4,655 'fathoms, nnd the east was mado from the United States echoolshlp Tuscarora. Tho shallowest water in iho middle of tho At¬ lantic, 751 fathoms, shows tho oxlBtcnco of submarine mountains 10,556 feet high. The Board of Directors of tho Suez Canal Company, tho British members being pre¬ sent, unanimously approved tho letter of Do Lesseps of tho 23d ult. to Gladstone, which in Do Lesseps informed the English Prime Minister that ho need not consider himself bound by the terms of tho agreomont in regard to the second Suez Canal, which he had signed. On Tuesday, July 24th, a' bowlder, meaBur- lng- 4}f|X5 feet and 4 feet thick, was taken from tho channel at tho Narrows Weller's Bay; and at a short distance farther on another bowlder, measured 4x6 feet and 2 feet thick was removed. At low water those .obstructions were only 7 feet- below the surface, rendering navigation extremely hazardous. A Chailcston, S. C, church stooplo finds Itself suddenly. In commercial demand. The owners of a few tug boats In the harbor learned that an Incoming baik could be sighted from lu summit while yet afar off. Business prospered with them while their rivals, despite industrious cruising off the bar, could get no vessels. At last tho Bccret of the lookout was discovered, and now the steeple Is to rent to tho highest bidder. . The Suez Canal Company, It Is stated, In¬ tend adopting tho Plntsch system for light¬ ing tho entrance to the canal; and with this view have ordered eight 0-foot spherical gas buoys, eacli to burn for two months, three fixed lights to burn two months, and threo large holders for storing gas and filling the buoys, together with a small gas works to bo erected at Port Said. It is proposed to extend tho system to other parts of the canal. Mr. Robert GrlflltliB died on (lie 16th of Juno in Bayswatcr, England. Ilia name Is familiarly connected in England with tho groat screw propellor, his first patent being dated Septembor, 18-16. In 1853 he filled his screw to the royal yacht Fairy, and tho Peninsular and Oriental Company took up invention, which occupied Mr. GrlflltliB' attention to nearly the tlmo of, his death. Ho gave also much attention to tho manufac¬ ture of parafllno oil from shale. A now blasting material Is thus described: Two mixtures aro prepared, the first consist¬ ing of 30.06 parts of potassium or sodium blsulphato, 28.60 .parts of potassium nitrate and 0 JO parts of glycerine, and the second one of SO to 05 parts ot a ohlorate and 45 to 50 parts of a body rich In oarbon. The latter mixture on Igniting products boat enough to convert tho glycorino In tho llrst mixture into nltro-glyccrlnc, which at oncooxplndcs. Tho carbonaceous material la saturated witli concentrated solutions of tho blsulphato, nitrate, nnd chlorate, nnd then dried. The mass Is then mixed with glycerine and mado Into cartridges. SKETCHING FOR MECHANICS. From tht Atatftb Aturle*. Whllo tho value of a knowlodgo of Mo- ' ohanlcal draughting to a mechanic Is Indis¬ putable, thoro Is a sort of Ireo hand drawing,' or skotchlna, thatls also useful. Tho faculty for Its praotlco may be Innato, and In that' case but slight Instruction la necessary to onablo Its possessor to Illustrate his thought far better than ho could impart It verbally. But even those whoso natural tondonoy does not Impel them to skotchlng as explanation « mi¬ ction •■y^' tthjit^ itlvo, can get enough facility by prnctlco to make thcmsolvcs understood readily. ' Probably nothing Is moro difficult to ex¬ plain and exhibit by words alone than me¬ chanical construction and'mcohnnlcal move¬ ment. It Is not only difficult for tho narra¬ tor, but also for tho listener. Tho momory must hold nil the points of tho Information In contact ready to make a completed Idea at tho climax. But an nppeal to tho oye, how¬ ever crudely made, presonts the entire Im¬ age at ono view without any laborious action •■ of the mind. And It Is a notlcoablo fact those mechanics who' aro of an Invcn improving, and orlgnatlng turn ot mind nro m'ostapt Willi pencil and paper, or ohnlk and slab. To them tho meohanlcal Idea has re¬ ceived n form In tholr own mind, and by n partial representation ttiov seek to Impart their knowledge to others. The practice of sketching as Illustrative of verbal statement Is nn excellent ono for me¬ chanics generally to acquire. If one has not the natural Impulse In this direction, a fow lesFOns In froc hand drawing will not come amiss. Somo of tho best or James Watt's Improvements derlvo tholr historical and mechanical value from his rough sketches, which told much moro plainly than his equally^ crudo English tho operations and conclusions of his constructive mind. In the annual mooting of meohanlcal engineers there Is seldom a paper read that is not illus¬ trated by tho author, at tho lime of rending, by the blackboard and chalk, or else, it bad been mado visible by prepared cartoons, or possibly lithographed charts. Shop work also demands the ready hand at sketching. Thoro aro many Jobs which do not requlro the preliminary preparation of tho draught¬ ing room, that aro" greatly expedited If tqo foreman has a facility with tho pencil, oray- on, or chalk. DASHING WHALEBOATMEN. From the New Ytirk Poit. In 1770 the home of General Sllllman, In' Fairfield had been surrounded by a body of Tories from Long Island, and tho General and his young bod were bomo away cap¬ tives. The Americana had no prisoner of equal rank to offer In oxchango and decided to procure ono. The Hon. Thomas Jones, of Fort Neck, a jusilco of the Supremo Court- of Now York, was selectohjind u volunteer company of twenty-five men, commanded by Captain Hnwlcy, set out from Newllold Harbor, (now Bridgeport) !o capture him. 1 hey landed at Stony Brook on the morning of the 4th of November, and began their march to the Judge's residence, moro limn, thirty miles distant, arrlvlrlg thoro at 0 o'elock on the evening of flic Oil,. No man could have been more uiiBiisplclniis of dan¬ ger than lie. There was a gay party of young people .in the house, and tho danco was proceeding merrily, when Captain Haw- ley and his bodyjif grim wta'nors appeared at tho door. Tho Judgo was found lu Hie hall, a young gentleman by file name of Howlett being forced to accompany him as a makeweight for tho Goneral's son. Tho party met with many adventures before reaching their boats, being forced to hide In fho forest by day, and narrowly escaping capture on two occasions by the light horse, which were soon scouring tho country In pursuit. Six laggards wore takon, but tho others succeeded In regaining their bpats, and reached Fairfield on Hie 8th with their prisoners. It was not, however, until tho succeeding-May that their exchange was ef¬ fected. Quito equal to these In dash and courago wero tho oxplolts of Captain Brewster, ono of tho most noted loaders of the service. Ho was a native of Setaukot, but n resident of Fairfield during the wiuVnnd accompanied both the expeditions of Colonel Parsons find Major Tnllmndgo aa a volunleor. In 1781, with his whnloboats ho boldly attacked a British armed vessel In the Sound, nnd after a sharp action brought her a prlzo Into Fnlr- ficld. Again, on the 7tb-of Decombor, 1782, Irom his postal Fairfield, ho discovered a number of armed boats In tno Sound, evi¬ dently bent on somo predatory excursion, and gave chase. Tho forces woro about equal, and a desporato encounter ensued, nearly overy man on both sUIob being killed or wounded, but the onemy at last escaped nlththe loss of two of tholr boats, whibh woro homo Into Falrllold In triumph. Drowsier himself was shot through tho body In this actionem recovered from the wound. The next year, on tho 0th of March, 1783, ho took tho British armod vessel Fox In an aotlortTastlng but two minutes, land without the loss of a man. The schooner Pulaski, loaded with coal from'Cleveland to BrockvlllO, ran on tho shoals at tho narrows, about thlrty-llvo mlloa down tho rlvor on Tuesday night, whorosho whore Bhe remained until Wednesday morn- Ing « hen alio was released.—Kingman News. First bales of cotton.begin to appear.