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MARINE LAW. INSPECTION LAWS WITniN TUB HHtTS OF OCR I STATB. The Marino 'Journal of Juno 7 reports a case Involving tho Inspection laws, In which It Is decided that thoy are not binding on boats employed In commerce within the limits of ore state. Saturday'Judge Sage gavohls opptnlon ,ln the ease of the United States vs. John C. Poworn and others, whloh was an aotion brought somo time ago by tho United States for the alleged violation, by the boat Gretna Green, owned fly the defendants, of tho Revised Statutes rolatlng to tho equipment .of steamers, ,The boat toweitl barges, on whloh were a number of passongors, from Maysvlllq, Kentucky, to the Fair Grounds In the aarno State, and had not the equip¬ ments spoolflod by tho Inspectors Service, whloh tlio United States officials held they wore required to, but which the defendants donied In their demurrer, claiming that they were engaged solely In Inter-state commerce, and did not come under the proviso of the statute or statutes cited. In conBldoring the case Judge Sago referred to several decisions of tho United Statos -Supremo Court, In which It was held that the power of Congress comprehends navigation within the limits of every State In the i Union, so far as that navigation may becountcted with commerce with foreign nations amongst the several StateB, ote,; that all laws passed by Congress in tlie regulation of commerce is but tl|o ■exerolsc of an undisputed power, and when a State law Is repugnant to a law of Con gresB the State law must give way,, 'after which ho held the following: "In this case the limitation of the power of Congress to control the commerce among the several States Is distinctly recognized, and also that Congress has no power to make navigation laws for or to control the commerce which is entirely within the limits of a State. la the case at bar.the petlton Bhows that the barges were being towed from one point in Kentucky to another point In the same State, and that her trips had no connection whatever with any point outside of Ken¬ tucky, apd tile navigation laws of the United States then clearly do not apply. Although the Gretna Green was .subject to the laws of United States, yet the mere faot that she took in tow these barges had nothing to do with ony Interferance with the proper navi¬ gation of the Ohio. In the judgment of the court tho navigation laws of tlie United States have no application to this case. The demurrer Is sustained." PLUCK vs. LUCK. In an address delivered before tlio students of tho Spencerlan Business College, Wash¬ ington, D. C, .lime 20, 1800, amdng other things, General James A. Garfield said "Now, young gentlemen, let me for a, moment address you touching yous succcsb In life; and I hope the very brevity of my remarks will Increase the chance of their making h lodgement.in youi minds. Let me hcg.yoii, in tlio outset of your career, to dismiss from your minds all Ideas of suc¬ ceeding by'luck. There.ls no moro common thought among young people than that foolish one, that by-aml-by something will turn up by which thoy u 111 suddenly achieve fame or foitune. No, jouiig gentlemen, things don't turn up in tills world unless somebody turns them up, Inertia is one of the Indispensable laws of matter, and things lie flat whero they are until -bj some Intelligence (for nothing but spirit make's motion In this world" thoy arc endowed with activity and life.) Do not dream that some goof] luck Is going to happen tojon and give you a fortune.- Luck is an ignu fatuus—you may follow It to nilii, but not to success. The gloat Napoleon, who be¬ lieved In his destiny, followed It until he buw his star go down in blackest night, when tlie 6ld Guard peilshed aionnri-Jilin, and Waterloo was lost. A pound of pluck is worth a ton of luok, ' * ,, "Youpg men talk of trusting to'the spur of the occasion. Tliijf trust is vajn. Occasions cannot make spurs, younK gentlemen. II yen expect to wear Bpurs you must win them. If you wish to use them you must bucklo thoin to your own hoels boloro^ou go into tho tight. Any success you may achieve )s not wprth the having unless you light for It. Whatever you wlnTrr~rh"e you must conquer by your own offorts, and then it is yours—a part of yourself." SAHARA SEA. Some objections have been staind with reference to -this proposod Inland son. A Washington letter states the promised bene¬ fits qf the lake to bo formed: The project la'to coniicotby a canal twelve meters de0p and fifty meters wide the mouth of the llttlc'Oucd-mo-lah, emptying Into' tho Gulf of Gabon, with the four depicssloiiB— FcJeJ, DJarld, Ruraa, and Melrlr. They lie in a rjjfht lino from east to-west about fifty kilometers south of the mountains of AurcB, bordering on the Sahttra. Of these Rarsa, whoso .surface Is thirty meters below the sou level, Is on the Bnuth frontier of Tunts; lts basin will bo tw Ice as long as Luke Geneva, and will conialn 100 mlllards cubic meters of water. They are to form the hiku. Ihe physical advantages as well as tlie practica¬ bility of the work, have been discussed again and agalr by the academy of sciences In I'm 1b since the first exploration of the gulf by Mnuchez in 1877, andulie first presenta tion of the piojectby Rouilalre. A committee of distinguished members of the academy to whom Roudalre's plan wiib referred reported that the existence of this large body of watci south 6f tho Aures must exorcise a veiy favorable Influence upon countries now sterile, and open up tho heart of Africa to European civilization. Tlie spc' clfic physical advantages will be the amel¬ ioration of t|ie waters of tlie new sea. Ar rested by the snow-capped heights, these will be condensed into clouds and fruitful rains. It 1b not to bo forgotten that tilts re¬ gion was part pt the fertile granary of old Rome. "Wherever the soil of Tulijs Is tilled," says United States Consul Perry, "it still luBtlfles Its ancient renown, encouiaging the brightest hopes for the future." • Do Lesseps expects to see the old cities, the ruins of which are here seattoicd, renew themselves around the basin of the chotts, within one of which^he loiiialnsot an an¬ cient gallery have been found. Their re¬ newal must depend on a renewed fertility of soil, and this upon a now supply of water from evaporation. The report made to the academy estimates this as 30,000,000 cubic mcterB of water a day; a quantity sufflolent to cover the whole city of Tunis and Algeria with a half saturated layer of air twenty- four meters in depth. Reasoning by analo gy from the evaporation of the Bitter lakes lying In the same luttitude and having a like climate, Roudalre estimates the dally evap¬ oration as tlie same with that of those lakes; his observations made In the chottB with the eiaporometerof Piche, showed the double of this on the days of-the sirocco. TliosVr^ occo which now destroys vegetation in Al¬ geria, feitlllzes Franco by bringing to It the watery vapor absorbed In its passage across tlie Meditei riinean. To restore vegetation to Algeria u liko ab¬ sorption Is needed of\\ntery vapor raised by the sun fiomlhe surface of the row lake. What has tinned this old, fei-tlle land Into a bun en waste? The want ol tillage and de struction of the foicsts, with the other evils of war, cieating u desert within which the extremes of temperature arising from tlie want ol aqueous vupoi blasts vegetation. T\ ndull bus show n that at least 10 pet ceu of the earth'* radiated bent Is lutorccrtu'd within the first ten feet nbove Its Bmfuce and that tlie full removal of this watery va¬ por for n single summer night would destroy every plant w hlch frost kills. In the desert, although "the soil Is tire mid the wind Is llumci^ lee at times forms In a night. In tlio hot legion the tlieimoineter olten falls sixty degices in twenty lour hours. Restore nn aqueous vapor to spread Itsell over such a region and you restore fertility, and witli it a population, industiy and tlio extension of commerce. New Industries may appeal — llahlng and the establishment ol salt woiks, salt being very ocnrco Hi tlie Interior of Af- ilca, selling In the markets at 150 francs a kilogramme (2.2pounds.) Tlie seven years' investigation of Rou¬ dalre and the labors of Do Lesseps have not been for the cause of science half as much as foi the Interest of France, for which the minister ol public Instruction hasemploied them. Tho region in question lias boen specially In mind evor since the- extension of Fiench Influence In the prsvlncu of Cjfn- stantlne. What is nccded.is a barrier on mo frontier of Algeria and Tunis against thV swift Incursions of the Trlpolltan Bedouins and other tierce trlbos, and the opening up to tlio south of a way for troops and their commissariat, Do LosBeps olalms that Franco will possess an admlrablo frontier, whloh, prolonged through tho great trans¬ versa vnlloy Onod-djeildl, will permit the exorcise of as firm authority of tho south border of Algeria as France now hasnn her Mediterranean shoro. French occupation, begun by tlie cruel wars of 1880-47, has been steadily extending Itself np to the recent es¬ tablishment of the protectorate oyer Tunis, IntorcQurio with the oily by travel or cor¬ respondence from abroad le permlssablo as our state department was Informed 'two years ago, through tho resident French con¬ sul only. Id June last Goi many recognized tho French protectorate* The enterprise now on foot has full political significance.' Franco must occupy her restlesB minds with the'eclat of military glory, and secure Bomo share with hor rivals In newly acquired po- seBslons. .Her .Tunis Is tho finest position of Nortli Africa. "Commercial preponder¬ ance and the control of the Mediterranean are the attractions for the powers which have disputed with each other lor Its pos¬ session or neutralization." In 1800 United States consul Ferry, from whom tlie last sentence Is quoted, wrote thus: "Tunisia is destitute of tho life and progress, which alono can long save her from falling an easy prey to a stronger power." ■____________t3 mont- by means of wtttoh, If the stokoholo should booomo flooded, the fire Is not ox- tlngiilflhcd.—Marine Engineer. ' *■—------------------------------ NEW PROPELLERS., Two now propoUora havo^Jiist boen com¬ pleted at Collinguood for the Northern Transit Company. They are to run between Collingwoodnnd SaultSr. Mario, along tho north shore of Georgian Bay, and cost near¬ ly $100,000. Thoy are named respectively the Atlantic and Pacific' The Paoltlu Is 180 feerlong^Tind thirty-one feot beam, with con- _ cuvo sides, and very fine lines fore and aft. Her engines nnd boilers aro placed near the centre of tho.boat, by which it Id claimed several important advantages are secured, viz.: High rate of speed,-easy—handling about the wharves and In and out of the cumorous Intricate channels of the north shore. She Is also made Independent of bal¬ lasting, and lastly, her wide bourn and con¬ cave sides-Insures great steadiness, and thus prevents rolling to a great extent. Her boiler and niachliieiy are of the best, and every precaution has been taken to prevent fire. The Atlantic Is a sister ship of similar build, and In her, as In the Pacific, the same strength of construction', thorough Work¬ manship, and general security Is to be found. RATE OF SPEED. ■ The Marino Engineor says the speed and enormous capacity of the modern Atlantic liners Is increasing so rapidly that it is dif¬ ficult to foresee what may not have been effected in tho revolution nt our Atlantl traffic In Ihe next few years. Many enthusi¬ astic Inventors have suggested at different times modification in the hull and method of driving large stcumeis which should bring the rate of speed on a par with that of our railways. Tills has always soeuiod to us, as no doubt It has to other practical men, an Idea more Imaginative than likely to be realized by any startling revolution of con¬ struction. Wo see, how evor, that we have the authority of a very practical and Impor¬ tant builder, Mr. James R, Thompson, for a statement that he foresees In a few years the coming Atlantic steamship will be ptopelled by twin screws at leas) nLflvo and twenty knots, and would in that case carry nqjeargo, her profit lying In the fact that she could mako from fifty to one hundred per cent, more trips in a given time. It Is obvious that tlie genoral adoption of-Vwlu machinery [-would greatly icduco tlie probabilities of accidents and obviate the necessity of carry¬ ing musts or Balls. Small details ol Improve¬ ment also in tho hollers and engines are constantly enabling steamers to genera'te Increased speed with little oi no Increase of consumption of luel. We hear on good authority that a very large number of tlio llnerslately built on the Clyde are fitted with Fox's corrugated Bteel tumaccs, which aro Bald to etlect a saving cf from, ton to fourteen per cent TRANSVERSE BULKHEADS. The Millie qf a Jhorpngh and efllclent j^ysteni uf transveise bulkheads was very trlkhiply evidenced by un unintentional*ex¬ periment whiclKoccuricd some time ago at Srtozla with the numerous torpedo boats- owned bj the Italian Government. A scries of experiment's Were bell g curried out by the torpedo boats Inside the breakwater In tho Gulf of Speczln, the boats running nt nbout fourteen knots. Two accident*!}' ciime Into collision, the speed being leduced to nbout Un knots beforo actually striking One of tho torpedo bunts was stiuck on the starboaul bow b} tho nun o'f tlie second loi pedo bout. Tlie nun absolutely pencil ntcd from one side to tlio other, driving u rugged hole tbiough both skins The Injured torpedo' bout, howevei, succeeded In g'ttlug to port, bolng Baled chiefly by tho protection of tlie watertight liulkhcnd and hy the action of powerful pumping maohtnory, H'hls latter Is also u point to which we havo often dl- lected attention, namely, that with the present powerful steam machinery on board oin model n vobboIs, fiom'tlio smanelinp the Urges,!, It would boeusi to del clop ho much pumping power that it Would be prnctfiull} jioislble to keep tlie vessel nfloat w Ith a leak of lingo size In hoi hull. The torpedo bout lit question was fitted with a new. arrauge- BALLOON STEERING. ' • An exchange says a Mr. Sehultz, of New York, has conceived an Idea of entirely avoid¬ ing accidents In consequence of fog. We need not remark upon the enormous percentage of accidents that happen on this account, there¬ fore any protection that can.be devised will be eagerly welcomed by shipowners. We fear, however, that the suggestion of Mr. Sehultz is somewhat both practically and figuratively In the,clouds. He proposes to provide all vessels with balloons of sufficient capacity to carry a person high enougli above the fog tc see similar balloons from other vessels which may be In the vicinity. <Clio balloons would evidently be attached to tho vessel by a cable, preferably formed ot wire, through which electrical communication can be had with the deck of the vessel, so as to give the necessary directions for steering.' Wo think It may be taken for granted, with Justice, that on the occasion of dense sea fog on the surfaoo ol tlio water, the log does not extend to any very great height above tho surface of the water. The Idea seems theretoro feasible. The relative positions of dlfferei.t vessels would be communicated from the lookout man in the balloon down to tlie dock, and the direction ot the vossel so guided, so that there need not be any occasion to slacken speed. It is evident that for such a system to be of any use It would bo necessary that all vessels should be pro¬ vided with an aerial look-out which they should oo obliged to use in the cuso of a fog. It is cuilous that this new adaption of balloons to practical work Is Just one hundred jenrs since the Introduction of the first balloon by Mongollfer. NIAGARA FALLS. The Niagara Fulls Park Commission tdoplcd tlie following resolution: That In the Judgment of the hoard it Is desirable to Select nnd locate, us proper und necessary to be piiichnscd for the purpose of piesorvlng the bcaneiv of the Fulls of Niagara, and re¬ storing said sconeiy to Its natuinlcondition, the following hinds Gmit Island, the Three Slaters Islands, Bin! Island, I,una Island, and the small Islands adjacent to said Islands and the mainland In thobtntcjof New York; anil also the bed ol said river between Goat Island and the Cuundiiin bounduiy, also the strip of lund beginning near Fort Da}, in said village funning along the shoro of said rlvei to and Including Prospect Pink, tho dill and debris i,lope The amount of prop¬ er!} to bo secured will not, It Is believed, exceed $1,000,000. A porfect model of a steamship \\|Ui the stern ami side propellers, a,recent Invention at Dallas, Tex., Was jilacod In a pond oi water, steam raised, lind the stein propeller first, put In motion. It crossed the pond In lOJu' seconds. Then all three woro sot-going, when the tin},ship Ciossed lu six seconds, l'lius the speed was iucieasetl 15 pel cent., iiiicTtlic fact demolish nlcd, appuientl}, that a steamship which ciosses tlio Atlantic In seven da}scan with this new attachment cross It In foul. Thu inventor Is confident of Increasing the speed ot steamships 00 per cent. It runs much faster than with the' stem wheel working In reverse