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■MSBMESZEMSi > -1 :j MARINE LAW. , TiutABunv'DEriBTMBNT April 6, 1883. Foreign, vessels proceeding from prut to port In tho Unltod States to complete tholr «argo for exportation In tho m'rrnnor sped- fled In tho following sections of tho Revised Statutes: "Sue. 4867. The master of ovory foreign vessol bound from n dlstrlot In tho United States to nnj (tfhor dlstrlot wlthln'tho samp, shalf, In nil cases, previous to her Obpniijrre 4r£n^suoh dlstrlot deliver to the collector ^^ohtllatrlots.duplloate manifests of the ladtruj on board atinli vosaels If tliero bo nny, or, tf there bo none, ho shall deolare that suoh Is tho oaso; and to the truth of Bu'ch , manifest or-declaration ho shall .swear, and also'obtain a permit from the collector, authorizing blm to proceed to the place of ills destination. "Seo, 4808, Tho master of every foreign vessel, on his arrival within any district from any other dlstrlot, shall, in all enses, within forty-eight hours after ills arrival, and previous to the unlading of any goods front on board suoh vessels, deliver to the collector of tho district whore be may have arrived lnunirost of tho goods laden on board such vessels, if any there lie; or, If In ballast only, bo shall so declare i ho Bhall swear to the truth of sucli manifest or declaration, and shall also swear that such manifest con¬ tains an account of all the merchandise which was on board such gtssel at the time or has been since her. departure from wlienco she shall bo reported last to have sailed; and lie Bhall also deliver to such collector the permit which was given lilin from the 'ol- lector of the district Irom whence lie sailed. •"Sec. 4309. Every master of foreign vessel who leglectsor refuses to comply with any of the requirements of the'two procee'd- Ing sections shall bo liable to a'penalty of one hundred dollars. Nothing therein con¬ tained shall, however, be construed as afi'ect- ing tho payment of tonnnge, or any other requirements to which such vessels sro sub¬ ject by law." Upon the sea-coast the fee lor certifying- of receiving tho manliest of a'foreign vessel bound coastwise Is $2, paragraphs tenth and eleventh, section, 1331, Revised Statutes; and upon the frontiers the fee Is fixed by paragraphs sixth,seventh, eighth, and ninth, section 4382, Revised Statutes. Vessels qf the United States are not subject 'to like restrictions, but miiy pass from port to port in tho United States to make up cargo for exportation without entry or 'clearance, except where required by the coastwise laws, Bcctlous 4348 to 4301, Re¬ vised Statutes, and -ectlons 3143, Revised ■ Statutes, paving onlj the usual coastwise tees. But In a case where cargo is rated on a vessel which was Imported and Is to be ex¬ ported In her, a bond must bo given under the following sections of tlie Revised Stal- ntcs: "Sec, 2770. Any vessel may proceed with any merchandise brought In her, ami, In the inruilfost dellveied to tlie collector of the customs, reported as destined loi any foreign port from the dlsliict within which such yesselb shall first arilve to such foreign part paying or securing tlie payment of any duties upon such meichundise as shall he actually reexported In the vessel. But tlie manifest so declining to ie-expoi„t such mercl andise shall be delivered lo such col¬ lector within forty eight hours alter the arrival of the vessel. And the master ol such vessel shall give bond as requited by the next section. "Sec. 2777. Tlie master of any vessel so destined for a foreign port shall give bond, with one dr more suretluB, in a sum equal ro the amount of tlie duties upon the merchan¬ dise, us the same shall be estimated by tlie collector and naval officer of tho port where tlie report shall be made, to the satisfaction of the collector, with condition that the luerohandlsS, or anjt piyt thoreol, shall, not . • be landed .within the) United Stiites unless duo entry thereof shall havo been nWmade and the duties theroiipoji paid according to law. Such bond Bhall betaken loi the saihe period, ami"'canceled in like manner as a bond glvon for obtaining drawback of duties. No such bond-shall be .required hi respect to " merchandise on board ot any vessel which lias put Into tlie U nttod States as a necessity, shown as prescribed In'sectlon twenty-seven I hundred and seventy-three." ' Tho fee for taking sueli a bond Is fixed .at forty cents by paragraph seventh, section 2054, Revised Statutes. - In allsucli cases a foreign clearance will be inndo only at tho' last port- from which the vcbsoI departs fn tho United States to proceed directly to her foreign destination. do]lectors of customs at tho ports of de¬ parture from vylilcli foreign clearance, is taken by vesaels'of the United Statos which aro not required to clear coastwise, will, in such sascs, accept from tho iigents of the vessels such manifests as arc required to bo filed by seotlon 4200, Revised Statutes. But whoro'vcsscls ofthe United States aro re¬ quired' to clear coastwise, am) -whero the goods are shipped on foreign vessels, said manifests should be filed at the ports whero the goods are laden.—Maratinie liegtster. ' "AERIAL NAVIGATION. . It is hardly necessary to say that the In¬ troduction of u locomotive machine which would transport a largo number of people through the air In-any dlreectiou required, would be a startling novelty. In our travel¬ ing arrangements, Let us glance at the atl- In tlio froo paths of tho air. wo may proba¬ bly-oven venture (o assort that balloons would bo tho.safest sb woll as the pleasant- est modopf traveling. *.--• _Ae a sot ell'against all this, however, there Is one great objection to aerial.locomotion', the uncertainty It must always bo liable to In' consequence of the offeot of the wind. Wo must not Ignore this; on tho contrary, wo will endeavor to o'stlmato its exact value. We will assume that wo can steam through tho air In any direction at the-wi(o of thirty miles au hour; but this will only count for useful locomotion in a dead calm. If there is any wind; by oarrylng the balloon along with* It, It will clearly Influence both the ef¬ fective direction ant) tlie effective speed.— Dr. William Pole, in'fortnightly BevHu. ABOUT PRECIOUS STONES. Professor Eggleston of tlie Columbia' school of mines gives a fine dlscriplion of preeloua stones: '• There is In Paris a diamond-so hard that the usual process for cutting and polishing made no Impression upon it. Tho black ('.lamond Ib mnstly used for tools, in Russia IIIK lumiipuiiiur, i«v »« k......»......-............-.....-.....--.j------.....------ — vantage It would oiler.' comparing it first-4Us brokun Into flakes pollsuedjmd.worn iib with aquatic locomotion, l{ Would be far quicker than any bu.it hitherto made, vastly less expensive In first outlay and cost of working, would require no harbors, would produce no sea-sickness, uik! would escape the greatest dangers Inherent In water nav¬ igation. Viewing It, secondly, as ajjieans of trans¬ port, It would be quicker than road; travel¬ ing, and would compare favorably with tho ordinary speed on railways, while it would entirely dispense with the enormous and costly provisions requisite for bcth of these modes ol getting over tho ground, and be free from the multitude of liabilities to acci¬ dent attending them, lliitltmnv naturally be objected that such a mode of locomotion would have peculiar dangers of its own. No doubt balloons have hitherto been very subject to accidents, and tho bare Idea of anything going w rong at a height of thous¬ ands ol feet above the cm th has something In it very appalling. But much of tills Im- jii-isslon wllj vanish before common sense reasoning. It must always be burud Iu iirlnd that for the purpose of, locomotion there would be no reason for ascending high in the air; It would only be necessary to keep at u sufficient altitude to clear terrestrial Im¬ pediments, and this would net only do away with much of the terror of the Idea, but would greatly Increase (lie probability ol a safe escape from accidents of whatever kind. Let us see In what direction danger might, in extreme canes, He. The loss of gas, by rupture of llie envelope or otherwise, Isn remote possibility, but lire experience of many actual cases has provetl that the resist¬ ance qf the air to the surface exposed has siilllced to prevent ady rapid fall; spec'al measures tiiiRhl be easily provided, and at low elevations over land no seilous oatas- Irophe need be feared on this ground. In [crossing over water precautious would still be possible, and.the cause would not be so hopeless as iu marine casualties. Tile dan¬ ger of llie, If properly guaided against, need not be greater thuiilri a ship at sea. Indeed, It we believe M. Glllard, who has tried such au experiment, the Idea of such a" danger Is quite au Illusion. The accidents that arise to ordinary bal¬ loons almost always occur In the descent, which, If the wind Is high, requires great care and skillful management. Iu this case the i repelling pqwer would bo most espe¬ cially nautili; the aeronaut could choose Ids place of landing, with precision, and, by turning ills head to the wind, he could avoid the dragging which Is bo dangerous, and which has so';ofteu brought a fatal termina¬ tion to to balloon voyagers. The worst con- Jscturo coilcelvalle would be a breakdown of the propelling machinery at a time when It was wanted to aid the Oqsoent In ,u' galo. But the'risk of such a breakdown Could be mudo very sllghj by ordinary mechanical precautions. On the whole, tliero can bo no good reason to believe. Hurt the dangers would bo more formidable with tills than wltl/othcr kinds of locomotion, and when wo remember tlie frightful casualties .that so frequently occur Iu larm, river and sea traffic, and consider how many ot Jhelr causes would be absent court mourning. The historic diamonds liave no more luster than a place of glass. The sham diamond is tnrre bcaulifnl than tlie genuine stone, hut It bus n tendency to decomposition and does not retain luster. The diamond mines AT Brazil were first opened in 1727. It Is estimated that since that tlmo thoy have produced at least two tons of diamonds. In England, a stone weighing one carat nnd of the purest water Is worth, when cut mid polished, about (00. The dealers In rough stones acquire tlie habit of distinguishing-the witter of a rough stone by sluiplv breathing upon It. Among the historic diamonds tho- Rajah weighed 307 carats, and the Great Mogul 282. Be fore It was cut the filter weighed 000 carats. Fiom the composition ol the diamonds we see what costly things nature makes Irom. common material. All the diamond fields ofthe world aro not worth the anthracite fields of Pennsylvania. A ruby of five carats is double tlie value of a diamond of that ei'/e and one of ten carats is worth three times as much as a diamond of corresponding size. A pcrlect ruby is the rarest of all stones. Rubles hro often Imitated with real stones tho most common bell g spinel. But it is not difficult to distinguish' the imitation, as tlie ruby is tlie only stone having a pigeon- blood coloi. Another precious stone Is tlie sapphire, which is like tho ruby, with the exception of the color. • There has bean a Small stone which was ruby on one Bide and sapphire on the other. The emerald is a deep green, the deeper tlie better. It loses no brilliancy in an artificial light, but Its color may be dispelled by a gentle heat. Most of our emeralds come from-New Granada, and will always have Haws. In Imitation It Is not the'barduess nor tlie color that Is sought so union as 'the Haws. Tlie first eye glasses weie made in England of emeralds. T- " THE KEY TO SUCCES8. t In order to havo,any success In llfo, or any worthy success,* "you must resolve to oarry Inti) your work a fulness of knowlodgo —not mcrloy h sufficiency, but more than sufficiency. Iu this respect .follow the rule ol the machinists. If they want a machine to do the. work of six horses, they give It n I no horse power, so Unit thoy may have a' reserve of three. To carry on the business,, of life you must havo surpl'uB power. • Be fit for fnore than the thing you are' now doing. Let every ono know that you have a reserve In yourself; that you have more power than you arc now using. If you are not too large for tho place you occupy, you •aro too small for It. How full our country Is of bright example, not only of those who , occupy some proud eminence In public life, but In every place you may find men going on with steady nerve, iittnucting the atten¬ tion of,their fellow citizens, and carving out for themselves names mid fortunes from -small mid humble beginnings nnd in the face.ot formidable obstacles. Let me cite an example of a man-1 recently saw- In the | little village of Norwich, New York. If you wish to know his- mime, go into any liiirdwawstjbre and ask for tlie best hammer in the world; aiiiTiTtho sallesman be an In¬ telligent man, he will bring you a hammer bearing the name of D. Maydnle. Young gentlemen, take that hammer iu your.hand, dilve nails with It, and draw Inspiration from It. Thirty years ago a boy was struggling through the snow's at Chenango Valley, try¬ ing to hire himself to a blacksmith. lie succeeded and learned his trade; but lie did uioie. He took |t Into bis head that lie cauld make a better hammer than.any other mini iiad made. He devoted Idmselt |o tlie task for more than u quarter of a century. He studied the .clienilstiy. of metals, tlie strength of materials, tlie philosophy of ■ form. He studied failures. Eacli broken hammer taught him a lesson. There w-iis no part of tho process tliat be did not master!" Ho taxed his wit to Invent machlnesto per¬ fect and cheapen Ills processes. No Improve¬ ment In working steel or Iron escaped Ids notice. Wlmt may not twenty-five years of effort accomplish wliqu concentrated on a single object? He earned success; and now, when bin name is stumped on a steel ham¬ mer, it is his note, his bond, his Integrity embodied in steel. The spirit of the man Is Iu such hammer, and the w«ik. like the workman;, is unrivaled. Mr. Maydole is now ucknowledged to liuve made the best hammer in llie world. Even tlie sons of Thor, across the.sea, admit it.—Garjiehl. r- AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS IN 1883. Tlie newspapers and periodicals ol all kinds in tlie United States and Territories uow reach tlie Imposing total of 11,11)11. This is an inciease ol r>8."> In twelve months. Taking tlift States one bv ope, tho newspaper growth is some Is very con¬ siderable. The pieseut total III New York Slate, for instance, Is 1.300—n gain of80 Iu the pus't vear. Tlie Increase in Pennsylvania Is 18, the existing number 043. Nebraska's total grow from )75 to 201, and Illinois' from 800 to 0O1. A year ago Massachusetts hud 420 papers; now the number Is 438. In Texas, the new paper niitnuuibcied the suspensions by 8, nnd Ohio now bus 738 papers Instead of 002. The moslremarMiblu change lias occurred In the Territories, In which tho daily papers have growji from 43 to 03; and the weeklies from 100 to v 243-r- Dakota bolug the chief area.of activity. The number of monthlies "throughout the country grew from 70S to 1,034 while the dallies leaped from 000 to.1,002. The figures jjlveiuibovo are exclusive of- Canada, which ,'possosscB a total of 000. It Is Interesting to note that the newly-settled regions of the Canadian Northern are productive of news¬ papers as well as'of wheat, fo», tho number of Journals Issued In Manitoba was 'nearly I doubled during the year. "? ', ■ THE SB.N AS A SOURCE OF POWER. Of the enormous power ol lire sunVray few renders have.uliy-lulcquuti" conception but us the tune appears uow to be appioach lug w hen they will be capable of being made directly available In place of coal and stea.-n for tlie production of power and light,-the question is beginning to assume something more than a theoretlcallnteicst. The French electrician, M. Duprez, in n recent work, ilndccB somu calculations which Illustrate the QiiuriiVfiis liuid ol I'oice which'the sun's heal is vapable ol supplying. France, he says, po-sesses an urea ol about hull' a million square kilometers. In one hour the sun's lieiil will ubsSjrb or di'y up two pounds ' of water.per uietei, lind so oil a line summer day tlie rpiitiuiiy ol watei the sun is capable ol ubsorbiiig'ln one lionrover the entire area ot l"iancc Is not UisS :llan a thousand mil¬ liards, or 1\ .million million of. pounds uvolrilupuls/ If jvee hue to raise this quantity 01 wuler to it boiling point In boilers, we should icquilopo less thui| sixty million ' rons of coal, which is one fifth ol the entire 'annual production of cual throughout the world. Tlie sun's rays fulling on France would he able to turn so much water into steam as would keep going eighty million locomotive engines -ol collectively forty milliards ol hoiwrni'w er,—Jluihlci. WESTERN.LUMBER CUT. The St Paul Pioneer Press gives a statisti¬ cal icvlcu of tlie season's lumbering opera¬ tions Iu the Minnesota and Wisconsin woods. The aggregates, reveal the stupendous -uia'gnltude'Qf the business. The total cut of the two States, exceeds. 4,000,000,000 feet. This represents the trees Jgr0wlng on 1,<!50 square, miles. The Chippewa valley region of vyisconsln contributes nearly l;0O0,0O0,000 feel, the STlsalsalppI above .Minneapolis nearly 0,000,000,000 leet, the Wisconsin river 441,000,000, the Duluth district 207,000,- 000, and tliu "Black rhor 228,000,000. The- streaniB on Clio west shore ol Lake Michigan, grouped together for convenience, show a cutof.7«5,000,000. On the different rall- i roads ill Wisconsin and Minnesota between 1.500,000,000 and 800,000,000' feet were cut. The cut is by far tlie greatest In the history of the nortfi^eft.