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A $he Marine gecord, A Journal dnotgd to Coranweo, NnljsUon and ' Science, " ' Publliuod WMUr ALAHSOK vrtLCOx}Editor A Proprietor, CLE+EIASJD, OHIO. OSes He. 8, South Water Btrset. TERMS! S200 per Annum. INVAUABLT IN 1DVANCI. -AGETW AEBWAMTBD Or ETEBT >0BT. ADVERTISING RATES. • Ten eenti per lino solid Nonptrlol mouurement.' TwelT« 11dm of Nonnarlel utulld make ohq Inch. Twenty oenti por line for routing notleei, tolld mlolon moMurement. ArUcles, Mtcrfnnd quorlu on ill subjects ire solid- Jed. te- •ssrTbe Editor >nnu no roiponiibllltjr for tbe opinions ot correspondents. To Iniore notice, contributor! must giro name md address, and write on one ildo of tbe pipor only. TBE MARINE RECOUP Iim in Agent In orory port on tbe Lakoi and Wren, and will consequently circu¬ late more or leu In ell of Ibem Asa modlum for advertising It hai no superior, 01 It circulates among a dui of people tbot can bo roacbed In no otbor way. nineteen dollars' worth of liiol to effect 'the same results that one dollni's worth ought to perform, Tlioro la waste for yru w Ith a vengeance. Mr. Siemens had under consideration stationary boilers, where the w nslo, for obvlotir reasons, Is not so great ns on locomotives and boilers on occult steam¬ ers, whuro the draft Is mainly caused by the rcslstnitce of tho nlr through wlilcli the lo¬ comotive or vessel pusses/ and Is not always subject 10 tho cohtrol of tho cnglnpcr. Tho object ot tho Commission, ns It has been of the eminent men who huvo experimented in All civilized countries, was to And a way oT preventing some of this 0110, niotis waste. The process of Mr. C. W. Siomcns was thoroughly Investigated by this commission^ This cpi.Blsts, In brief, In reducing coal to gas, and then buriilttg the gas. It was claimed tl'at tt]o best results hud been ob¬ tained under boilers, lif reheating and pud¬ dling furnaces, and In glass works. The process was longer, but It was proved that a uilicit more intense heat could be obtained thun from coal or coke, and that fully 83 per cent, of the theoretical heating pov er of it ton of coal was thus obtiilnt.il.' Henry Bos- UN DEB THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE. Our forefathers who snt before the Im¬ mense fire-places within which something less than a cord of wood blazed and crackled, gave rd thought to the proportion ol lieat which passed up tho chimney. Tho same may be said of our stoves and furnaces of to¬ day. We enjoy the warmth that-hr-glvcn out and give very little1 heed to where the fuel of the future Is coming from. But there are those whr are compelled to economize in evorj thing, and to such, the cost of fuel Is a great Item, so alto-Is It 11 great Item to our vast manufacturing establishments, and per¬ haps there fs no branch of our industries which Is more interested In this problem than the shipping Interest. Within the past few years considerable attention lias been given to the subject or economy in the consump¬ tion of fuel. Comml!«8lonB have been ap¬ pointed to analyze the smoke and discover the amount of wnste.golngoii, In the kitchen stove, In the furnaces of manufacturing e«-] tablishmeuts, and under the boilers of loco¬ motives, tugs and steambeats. France, Ger¬ many, Kusalu and England Jinve bad bucIi commissions uppofnted by their reapeotlvo governments. The British commission, es¬ pecially, was very exhaustive In Its re- searohea Into these matters. The report on insttcis pertaining to coal alone consists of twenty-threo columns as large ns a common family Bible. Thoso who are accustomed to buttling coal will be astonished nt Borne of . the revelations which this repurt brings out. It Is a well known fact that were our fur¬ naces' properly. coiiBtrueted and eelentlflo principles applied to the crnsuniitlon of coal, ihnt not only might we wake a groat saving In the amount of fuel consumed,.but further tllanlhat, we might be relieved from olouds ol bluck smoke which, constantly overhang our large cities. Smoke Ib carbon, and carbon is one of the essenlinl elements of lire, and a fortune is n store for the man who will Invent a successful process lor the consumption of this which Is now wafted about by the winds of heaven, to full upon I tho fuce of nature and render euorythlng black and dlity. We quote what seems a vrry plausible theory by Mr. C. W. Siemens^ F. B. S., nnd Inventor of a regonorator for burning ooal goa: f "In the beBt Cornish engines the parctlcal ' results obtained arc only ont-tenth of the theoretical maximum of which coal Ib capa¬ ble. In other words, nine-tenths go to wastt. It- ihe best cpnstructcll II) -wheel engines theie la (Joss of seven-eighths, tho uverngo coal being used, or a production of only one- tenth the power' whlol* should be realised . from tho. beat coal. Ami w bile tho lo«« Ii so great under bolleis, there Is a vastly greater ' los'lii the employment of coal In furnaces— , In high temperature furnaces running up to a loss of t.lnoteen-twentloths." The testlmpuy of this gentleman remained unquestioned by nny o.horof the distin¬ guished men oxamlncd before the Commis¬ sion. Indeed, he was goncrally corroborat¬ ed and the fact remains that under bqllora ar'd In furnaces, and 10 a greater extent in stoves and opon grates, o» all these are at present constiuctod, It takes from eight to TBI E WATER AT HEIX GATE. ' Tho work of undermining Flood Bock, which litis in Bell Gate, la near "completion. There Is llttlo \n tho triune work (hut rises above the sljaft, and In the houses that nre perched upon the rock to suggest the extent of tho excavations mud>- bqlow, nndor w ater. But tlioro 111 e some outward signs of activity. At Intervals a muss" of brokon stone slides dow 11 an inclined plane w 1th a sharp, rattling sound into u soow moored lit tho side of the rock. A port little tug bout comes up now and then and dijag* the scow a four hundred yards dowu tho river, turns around with It mysteriously, and roakosrbhck for the rock again When the work began, about ten years ago, Flood Bock stood several feet above lilghtldu, like the backbone ol some huge animal. Some crib-work was built around the outer edge and the space filled in with broken ■stone taken trout the sliuft, making an urea ot a hull acre or more. This surface Is fullr occupied by buildings necessary for currying 011 mining operations, Tito work¬ men lor the moBt part live on Long Island semer_ claimed for his process for making! f||0y wait for the ferry Unit tukos thorn to steel, a great saving in fuel, not in obtaining any greater per cent, of the theoretical value from the fuel actually consumed, but that his process required at least half it ton of coke less per ton of steel than" did the old modes of manufacture. The grout truth elicited by the examination before this Com¬ mission was that solid fuel gave many times better results by being converted into gas bofote tho fiumo was applied. Now If this be true, and we doubt not Unit to a ceftaln extontlf Is, what an Im¬ mense sum can be saved to our steamboat lines, not only in the cost of the fuel, but In the amount to be carried. And this amount, especially on ocenn steamers Is a vast Item. We commend these facts to the utlention'c I the scientific iird practical men of our pwn country, and earnestly hopo that some prac¬ tical application may bo made of them, either In this same line or some other. EDITORIAL NOTES. The canning of beef Is an Importaut and Increasing ludUBtry lu the Northwest. Chicago canned beet goes to the ends of the earth. The DuluUi exchanges speak of Unit city as a promising center for receiving tho cattle from the ranches of Montana and after the beef Is canned It Is well shunted to dis¬ tribute Its supplies to ull parts of the coun¬ try. To Btop a ship suddenly a German pro¬ poses to fatten on theftontof the ship an Immense cannon charged with some power¬ ful explosive and ready to be fired by elec¬ tricity at a moment's notice. He supposes that tho recoil would exactly counterbal¬ ance the momentum of courso, being pro¬ portioned to the tonnage. What does Amer¬ ican genlfla gay to.tills proposition? Tho Great National Railway Exposition at Chicago which has occupied tho attention of the nation and the world, Is now opened. The multiplicity of Intricate ond wonderlul machinery represents all tho different de¬ partments of tho railway service. Suoh ex¬ positions must stimulate railroad genius and enterprise'. Tho Now York and Brooklyn Bridge Is at hiBt opened. Somehavo denominated it the eighth wonder of tho world, President Ar¬ thur and other notables were present. Some superstitious persons chattered about the opening of the bridge on Queen Victoria's birtltduy, showing that the fools are not all dead. Nearly all tho vesssels ItiUiohaiboi were dressed In streamers from truck to bulwark. Tho first telegraphic message over sent bj one Instrument and recorded by another, was over a short line erected lu New' York, by Professor Morse, lu 1887. It reads: "At- tetitlbn, tho universe? By kingdoms, right wheel I" This was live years alter ho hud begun work oh it, and seven years before the Hue between Washington and Baltimore was elected. The latter was completed on the first day of tho convention In Baltimore, at which Jumps K. Polk whs nominated for the Presidency. The first message was: "What hath God wrought?" Signed Funny Ellsworth, a duiighter of one of tho men who was pointed out us "being ns crazy as old Morse. Flood Rock In a dingy little hut tit tho rlvor bank at Astoria, where they smoke their pipes and play at curds, presenting a scene highly suggestive of the Interior of 4 cabin lu a mining camp. Tlio visitor In going down to explore tho galleries must put 01111 pair of rubber boots, mid it rubber cloak and cap. With such 1111 outfit be presents the appearance of a beach patrolman an n wet'day. "It is rather damp below," suld Lieutenant Derby, who Is In charge of the work under General New ton, as he led the way to the mouth Of the shaft, i'he descent was uiude dowu u wooden stair¬ way. When the foot of It was reached, u man came out of a black"hole and trimmed two torches. The guilorles or tunnel) aro, ten feet in width, and run ut right angles to each other at a dlstiinco ol fifteen Icet apart, so that pillars of solid rock are left standing fifteen feet squure. The gullorles are run on different levels iiccuidlng to the depth of water required for safe navigation at liny particular spot. The longest gallery )s 1,- 100 feet In length, and the extent of rocks to bo undermined Is about nUie acres lu urea, practically ull under wuter. ■'This Is a long gullerv," suld Lleutenunt Derby, us he lifted his torch and plunged into a black hole near the mouth ot the [ Shaft. The' reporter stumbled along after him over broken fiugruents oi rock. Iu some places the floor was nearly level and free of broken rock, nnd the Bides of the gallery twenty-five feet or more In height; in other places whore the work was Incom¬ plete the,rock that had boon blasted down was lying upon the floor to serve the work¬ men as a scaffold lor reaching tlio roof with their drills. Here and there water poured In streams from seams in tluj rock, and' dropped from the lagged roof overhead. As the galleries are neatly all under water, one Of the greatest difficulties In making the ex¬ cavation* bus been tojjrevent the water Irom tho river making Its way In. At tho end of this gallery a miner and his assistant were engaged In drilling a large hole In the rock near the roof with a iiiuohlne driven by com¬ pressed air. , "The rock is taken but," s-.IU Lieutenant Derby, "to a height of thirty foot, then holes are dtlllod of three inches In dluuieter, and varying lu length from seven to twelve feet. The final charges will be put into these large holes." " "How many drllU are employed?" ■'There are twelve lu ull, and they nre kept In use day and night." "What la dojio with the water?" "It Is diallied ton'well under the shaft from which It is pumped to tho river above at the rate of 1,000 gallons a minute," "What precautions urejtaken against en¬ countering large streams of water?" v "The men pre constantly on the lookout, and us soon as they find that they are near a scum In the rock, they explore lor It until they find It. Then, If it is 11 vuiy large one, it Is necessui y to take u new dlieetlott, Siuih it large seiim wan encountered In a certain direction Unit wo were forced to abandon work altogether ut that point. It has not been decided jot whether we shall pierce through this, plugging up as well as we can, or work from abovo on the shaft Bldo of the earn with u stciiui drilling scow." ■-W V.."What |s the consistency of tho rock ox- cavatod?" - '•For the most par)>Jt Is hard; but It Is so. soft In some plaeflrthat It has boon iioocssnry to brace it wltlMrenvy pieces of Umber. Tho rock wlien It Is broken down Is hauled to the foot ol tho shaft by'mules, and there it Is holstod to tho scow and finally unloadod In a depression In the rlvor bod between Flood Book and Blackwell's Island. This hole Is nearly 200 feat deep/! The mule stables are substantial, being built In solid rock. Several muToT'were' In their stalls munching hay. They looked comfor.abio and contented. A llttlo further on the cheerful glolv of 11 fire wns encoun¬ tered. It came from a blacksmith's "forgo. Like the mule stables this smithy Is built In solid rock. "I must ncknowlcdgo that it Is rather a retired place down here," suld tho grim Vul¬ can, but I have a cheerful (Ire and tire muslo of my hammer and anvil. Occaslonlly, too 1 huvo the diversion ot shoeing tho mules. They always show so much anlmatlqrrUmt I rather enjoy It, and take u kick with a laugh Instead of a growl us I would above ground." tVhere Is another room lu the main gallery, where the men hang up their working clothes tq dry. A solitary man wnajn this place polishing up the glass ot a lantern. There was just enough light to give the Clothes that hung on the wall the appearance ot being so many men hung up by tho neck. Of the nine acres to be undermined, the excavation of eight is already completed. It Is thought that the work will be ready for tho final blast about the 1 of October next- The charges will be set off by electricity ut the same moment. Tho fragments ol rock- will be removed until there is a uniform ., depth of twenty-six feet at low tide.—New York Tirbutu. STEAM LUMBERING. Now Orleans Times Democrat. Tho at¬ tention of lumbermen Is constantly Doing drawn to tho advantages that will accrue through the transportation of lumber on stcambargea or barges In tow. The'days of lumber carrying by sailing cWCaro fast drawing to 11 close, and the success that has been reached in the Northwest through steam more surely indicates the advantages, both In points of economy and speed, that follows such Introductions. The old custom of logging with trucks h being fast superceded by steam tram roads w bore the forests are remote from streams, the former method being not only slow and unreliable, but more expensive in the end. The pecularitles ot Southern forests, situated as they generally are on flat and culhpar- atlvly level ground, leave but few great dlfll- culctlesio overcome In the construction of tramways, and make their cost less than In any other lumbering section of this country. The expense of building these roads has been calculated to be from $2,600 upwards, of course depending tin the material used. The advantages in moving timber by tho process and the difference in cost of trans¬ portation Is so dlBernable that tho speedy erection of numerous roads Ib certain, and the profltablo returns us assured as In the Northwest. In this State It is suld as high as $1 por 1000 fcot per mile fs paid for truck¬ ing saw logs, and It Is known that on pro¬ perly equipped logging roads tho cost does not exceed 15 cents per'lOOO feet per mile, 011 hauls of from five to eight miles. In¬ dependent ol the time nnd money saved In the transfer of timber from the forests on steam roads, tlioro are other advantages gained which 111 the couise of a very short time would make handsome returns on the original Investment. Through this system over one-fourth more tlmbor can be brought to the mills and tho poorer grades bundled, which heretofore huvo been left standing as the cost of moving was too great. Another benefit derived through this same source, Is the ready connection of forests distant from streams, and the Improved value of hinds thus connected, making them woith nearly as much as those more fuvoiably situated. The Introduction of steam tiam roads, the improvements In milling machinery and the Adoption ol dry kilns In this section In a measure show the enterprise and interest being enlisted In this Important Industry, and clearly Indicates the porlectiicss to which the lumber trade Is approaching. r r k