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Lr J. ^nginEEiiing. FUEL AND WATER ONOCEAN ■STEAMERS. A correspondent ntks for Information m to the amount of water and coal eonsume'd by' an ocean mourner In crossing^ the Atlantic, nwl~Whcthorsen water Is used for filling the boTIOTB. * Great changes |iavo 'oeourred In ocean steam navigation since the- first Cu- '-^najil stcamosentorcd BoBton harbor In 1840, by. which tlio quaiitity~of fresh water and coal required on a slnglo voyago has been very i»i|cli' reduced. Tlio Introduction of r~ the Btirlaoo condensing process prevents a waste of steam, which Is now saved for con¬ tinual service, ifhil thereby greatly reduces the quantity ot water needed. Tlio Cunard steamer Atlas, of 2,393 tout--, boforo leaving port fills her hollers with fresh water, their capacity beUig from forty to fifty "tons, and this quantity Is generally sufficient to last through the voyage, but incase it runs short the distilling Jipparatus on beard can make up the ilellulency from sea water. For fuel she usually carries about (100 touaof coal, the daily coiisuliiptloti being from thlrty-llvo to forty toils, imil the run across the ocean ro- qulies about 400 tons. The Servln, tlio latest adilllinu to this line, an Immense steamor ot 7,302 tons, requites about 175 tons per day, w Idle the old Scotia, which was only about one-quarter of the size of the new steamer, consumed from 150 to 175 tons dally. Tills great saving in coal Is owing to the inven¬ tion of the compound marine engine.—Hus¬ ton Journal. NAUTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC, The schooner Floroncc Howard Is aground at Port Granby.. , The Chicago seamen's Union have set the wngca for flip opening of navigation nt $3 porday. ■ Captain McKcnzIo, of tlio llghthottso BtQiimor Haze, in in Toledo for the purpose of resetting the stakes in the channel. A rebate ill liiiTIWuranco Is allowed oraft which do not sail Until May 1. The loo is piled up thirty and forty foot high around the West Sister and MiddloSli- tcr Islands . The propellers „of tlio Lako Superior Transportation Company, nro being- fitted out at Buffalo. .It Is reported that tlio Ice nt the foot of Lako Huron Is piled up hi bergs and hills, nnd mountnlns as lar as tlio eye can reach; that In the distance It looks'like clouds, Ho lilgl/np does It tow'r above the surface of the lako. The Chicago Inter Ocean Is re¬ sponsible for the above. In aiuaiJdresB beforo the Tohulo.branch of the Sailors' Ujilou President PowcrlTSrat- ed that the union now has a membership of about 0,000, ami was never In a' nroro nour¬ ishing condition. He was of tin; opinion .that -wages would be $2 a day as sou|i as There U a probability tliut-tho rates 0V'l,ttv|B,l.ll°" 0llullf- SAIL AND STEAM. Iron has certainly pushed wood almost off the ocean, but it seems less likely than It did that steam will wholly supersede sails. The first Iron sailing yeseol ever built In this cbuntry was launched at tho Roach shipyard, * nt Chester on the Delaware, last week, and it is expected that many others will he con¬ structed. It Is found that there Is a growing demand for large sailing veseels In England, and forty-four ot them wero built on the Clyde lu 1882, twenty more than In 1881. For the transportation of merchandise which does not require quick movement they are niore economical than ships driven by steam. The cost of coal to drive alarge ship across tho Atlantic makes unimportant Item In the expense of transportation, nnd by avoiding It sailing vessels gain an ad¬ vantage sufficient to permit them to offer low rates. As Iron and steel make much lighter and durable ships than wood they —will ultimately bo exclusively used for tlio construction of ships, but as sails are much Cheaper than) steam they will-always-be extensively used tor the' transportation of freight whose delivery Is not required to bo very prompt. coarse freights will be better this yourilmn last. ' ' ■' The lighthouse steamer Dahlia Is about to supply tho fog-horn stations with coal. Tho lights hnvo been lit at Point Betsy, Tawas Point and other Lako Michigan ports. The wages pajd at Detroit for Jlttlng out wero $2 per day, and this seems likely to'bo tbo rate for the summer. Tho Anchor Lino schooner, Annlo Sher¬ wood, was damaged by lire ntErlo to the ox- tonLof $2,000, Tho Btenmor Arundell was tlio first boat to reach Tnwas and Alpena, The lights on Tawas Point and Charity Island were lighted Tuesday night. It Is rumored at'Port Colborno that tho canal will bo opened May 1. Tho propeller Flora nnd Pearl aro the llrst boats to pass Fort Gratiot tills season. Efforts are being made to raise tho pro¬ peller Depere, of tho Goodrich lino, which went on the bench at Two Rivers last fall. Buffalo Courier: Smith & Davis Monday bought the Into Captain F. N.Jones' Interest —the controlling half—in the schooner Red¬ wing for $11,000. The propeller City of Concord, with the F. J. Dunfonl, will engage In the salt trade the Binnc as last season; from shbre ports to Toledo. The tugs A. W. Wright, Oneida, Qulni y and Hopo, havo beon chartered to tow ves¬ sels and logs at Duluth They .will leave for that port as soon as the fjault Ste. Marie opens. THE FISHING TUG HELKNE. Tho fishing tug Helenc, which was in port Inst week, wns built last winter at Rich¬ mond, O., by Captain J. W. Averlll, Jr. She is 00 feet keel, 71 feet over all, 14 feet beam, 6 teet 7 inches hold. Hhohasn 14x10. engine mid n boiler 10 leet long, 5 feet shell, built of the best Otis steel. Her Real is 8x12 tho planking being 2!^ Inch stuff.- Tho main keelson Is 7x7, bilge keelson, 5x15, 3 Inch clamp and shelf piece with celling of 2 inch oak. Tho frames are 0x12 and 17 Inches from centre to centre. She is owned by Captain J. W; Averlll, Jr., &.Co. NIGHT SIGNALING. Vc6scl owners nnd marine men generally aro becoming greatly Interested'In the Cos- ton distinguished night Blgnuls, which will be 'used extensively on thq lakes this sum-, mer. The vessel adopting this code will each burn n combination of different colored lights whleh will form their distinctive signal. It will be of service to them. In passing ports, signal stations, or other boats on the water. By burning these signals a voSboI can indicate to which particular line it bdlungs. The Invention Is extrcmly simple, and has a remarkably good history Irom awny buck. The cyclopaedias characterize It as the best In use. Its value as a means of communica¬ tion in time of disaster is incalculable. Lieutenant Schwntkn, the story Is told, had provldcd'hlmsell with them for use In his . Arctic expedition. While on the coast ot Labrador tho men wero obliged to sleep in snow bouses, leaving tho dogs, outside. One night llie men wero awakened by n tcrrlllc bowling and barking nnrcugst the beasts, and found, on Investigating, that a pack of wolves had surrounded them. Schwrtkn knew too well the vanity of shooting them; but, niter a little reflection, lilt upon the device ol striking one of tho Costorrllghts. When the red light burst upon them tbo howling censed, and the boasts stared In terror nt the Btendy glare; the greet) light set -their heels In aotlvlty, nun" by tho time the cartridge had burned to tho white light not a woll vyas in Bight. The signals were also used throughout tlio civil war, and the cap¬ ture of Fort Fisher has boon attributed to the signal facilities afforded by tills system. The lights can bu seen ten or fifteen miles on the darkest night, and have been In¬ corporated into tlio International .Com¬ mercial Code, which four governments be¬ sides our own have adopted, viz., France, Italy, Denmark, and Holland. Captain J. M. Jones has sold his schooner James Ward for W. E. Champln & Son,'of Sandusky, to Jeannotte W. Morton and Margaret house rur*B,UUU; also tlio sciiooner Elvlna t& the Chicago lumber company for $0,000. ■ ' The ateambarge. Ohio has beon ro-mens- urcd, her new tonnage falling off 250 tons below what alio registered under the old system. Soundings bnve been mndo at Toledo, and It is has been nscertnlncd that vessels draw¬ ing fourteen feet of water can pass in and out without difficulty. All vessel mnstors who clenr for ports-ln Snglnnw Bay nrcjiotilled not to interfere with the working of the drodgea In Hint lo- cnllty. j Chicago laborers have adopted tho follow¬ ing schedule of wages for tho coming sea¬ son : Shoveling hard coal, 14 cents per ton; soft coal, 10 cents per ton; dumping, 4 cents per tan; wheeling 70 cents poi hour. In a certain part of Texas, mnny miles from the coast He tho remains of a ship, high aud dry in the prairie grass. She Is of Spanish build, and supposed to have been driven Inland by a tidal wave. An olght-dny clock that lind-beon given to the wlfo of Douglass Ottlngcr, of Eric, Pa., as a -wedding present by her husband, stopped at the very moment she died, and cannot be started again. There was a break In marine cargo rates at Milwaukee Friday—n cut of 10 per cent The rates for some time past havo been 20 cents on the $10U value to Lake Erie ports, but tho cargo of tho schooner J. 11. Merrill was taken nt 18 cents. ' ' The canal boat owners and commercial association of the State of Now York was In¬ corporated Saturday. The organization Is formed for the benetit and reltel ol its mem¬ bers, to recommend reforms in the manage¬ ment of the canals, aud promote or restrict by lawful means legislation affecting their Interests. \nother findy from tlio wreck of tho Fbl f;cr came nslioio nt Gulf Pond Saturday. It s the body of N.Ulian tungsten. Tills Is tlio 111tli body recovered from this wreck. Thero are four more uo-t'yot recovered. Tile falher of the young man arrived at Plutun 'on Sunday, and will take the body to Clay¬ ton, N. Y., for. burial.— Detroit Free Pyen. ■ The lights- nro now- burning nightly at Charity Point, Tawas Point, nnd South Manltoii. The latter light, whleh has.hith¬ erto shown- a white Hash at Intervals ol ninety scetinds, now shows a white Hash at Intervals of sixty seconds. The llrst vessel movement at Kingston was made Wednesday morning, when the Fulgor left her niooi lugs and went to,Mc¬ Millan's storehouse, Pui tsuiuuth, lo load rye lor Oswego, i It has llmilly been decided that the pro¬ peller Saginaw Valley Is to run.during the coming season, as was llrst Intimated, be¬ tween Ogdensburg and Chicago. Another route was offered, and some lime given to tliO'COnslderatlon'lhereof, bill the determin¬ ation as noted was Dually reached. The b'partan and the Magnet, two <,f tho largest of the .Richelieu and On¬ tario navigation cuinpaiij's fleet, have beei. chartered for service on the Georgian Bay to run on a route In connection, with n por¬ tion of the Canadian Pacilic. Tho wnges per month to lio-pnid mariners by the Lehigh Valley Transportation Coin- puny this season nre as follows: First male...............................................8 8000 tiocoml unite............\......................................... 60 00 Whwlflmrirand watchmun..............................., 2600 Iiecklmuda . ..:...........................................„ 1500 Clilofi>n«lnocr ..........'„................................. 10500 8oioml engineer................................._.......... -ft&OO Flrcnun................................................... 3260 Slowaril...............................................'....-.......... &B 00 Walton..................,........................................... 2200 The steamer Wallo is receiving Its annual Overhauling and will he thoroughly reno¬ vated for the season's business. Lighthouse keepers now report to the su¬ perintendent of the service at .Buffalo, In¬ stead of the customs department, and It Is not. known how soon tho light on Water Btreet hill will be lighted. A dispatch trom Detroit says that the re¬ cent heavy wlnd« luive broken up "he Ice on Lake St. Clair, and It is floating dowji the stream In huge masses. It is probable thai steamers will be able to cross the lake in a few days. The competition between the Insurance companies has reduced the rates of inailne Insurance from one to two and one half per cent, below what they were last year. A great deal of hull Insurance has been covered nt tlils-port, but as llie season lias not yet fairly opened, but little is being done In the wny of enrgoes. Tho hist Congress failed to mako an ap¬ propriation for the maintenance ol the United States signal service, and, con¬ sequently, all the l.nkoEiic stations, uhli the exception of those at Buffalo, Krle, Cleve¬ land, atid Toledo, have been discontinued. The propeller of the Sandusky, Put-In-Bay, Dunkirk, Monroe, and Falrport stations has Been, turned over to Sergeant fertile. Buffalo Courier:v The tug G. R. Hand mado'a iripoiitaldcMo'ndny. The lee, which bad been blown back to the breakwater, uns found soft aud hoti) combed, anil the tug had little difficulty ill lording ahead In it. It extends as far as the eye can icaoii, hut It Is probable that a poweilul steamer could work through. It lino open water. Naviga¬ tion on Ibis lake will likely open this week, and then wo may look lor grain arrivals from Toledo and Detroit. Captain Larsen, of tho schooner Maplo Leaf of Bnyflold, which wentashoro last fall, and Is now lying at the mouth of the Jr.on river, was-up the other day examining her condition. She is not much damaged nnd the ouptnlil wlll.Boon have a Crew ol men at work: raising ber. . A new steambargo, being built for Hull & ' ' _ xjvlll/bo lau bor, at 2 o'clock, Saturday. Her dimensions ' AuiliWIngerjvfll/bc launched at Benton Har¬ are: Length of keol, 102 feet; breadth of beam, 24X feet:depth of hold, OJjJ Teet. Her ongtno, which Is 18x20 feot, "as built by Anderson & Coleman, of St. Joseph. Her Supervising Inspector Joseph Cook Is pleasenlly'employed at present affixing his autograph to -1,000 sheets hearing the rcvlscJ pilot rules, lu order toiiisplie lu the pilots a proper respect for the law, each supervis¬ ing Inspector's name must he written on each sheet with his own hand. To this end, as soon as the Titles are printed, they, are boxed up ami sent to Baltimore, whera the nutogriiphiu bullions begins. All soon as tne Baltimore man gets his luiiuu on about 1,000 be boxes litem up and sends them by express, to the next supervli-lng In-peutor, ami proceeds to affix his signature to an other 1,000 lot, which lollows the first as soon as it Is ready. Each inspector, as soon as ho finishes 1,000 passes them mi to the' next and the ball Is thus kept rolling until boiler is 7x14 feet, and her wheel Is 7 feet in all the signatures are collected.—Detroit Free I diameter, with 11 feet lead. fret: % At Qswego Superintendent Phelps', has recolved an drDor to build a dock extending oast and west along tho fllioro, from tho ' east sldo of tho new harbor trestle to tho old ' slnnn pier. Tlio dock will bo 400 feet Kong, nnd will require 20,000 cublo yards of lining. An Immwice quantity of timber will bo used in its construction, There, will bo a'depth of thlrtoen feot of water In its oiitlro length. Tho stnambonts. nt Kingston will run ns follows this; season: The Plerrepont will . riin*t<r-<Qttfinrlnqiio' dining tho lint part'of tho »en«on,-tlieii-sho will nttond to tlio Island ferry and the PrincessLni'ilsn will run down the river, leaving tho Cape VincontVlps to the" fllciimer Maud. When the pleasure travel begins, the Princess and Maud will change rouies: The Wutortown will bo held for emergent business. Aside from the evor^lmportant qnostlonof freight rates, every one connected with ma¬ rine matters Is just now deeply Interested, lu the opening ol'tho Straits, and from pros, ent Indications will not have long to wait. Hundreds' of -Vessels aro almost ready to start for eastern ports! nnd can get under¬ way almost as'soon as the welcoirfe news ar¬ rive*. The. season, so far as tho Straits nro concerned Is the most backward ot any sen- • son for1 upwards of thirty years. A circular from the Canadian department of canals and railways says: "-For the nav¬ igable season of 1883 vessels will bo allowed to pass thrnugh-'tho .Welland'caual without restriction as to movable or llxed bowsprits, other than they have hitherto done; they will, however, ns heretofore, bo held liable as provided for In ihcvnna! regulations, for any damages ihey may do to tho bridges or other works." Vesselmen who thought ihey would have' to "top up" their bowsprits In order to be ahhl'to pass through tho Wel- Inntl canal will feel much relieved to hoar tile above. Bids for improving the harbor of Pensau- kee and Ceilur_rlver were opened at Milwau¬ kee last week with the following result: .Cedar River, Mich., for 450 linear feet p'lo pier, Green's Dredging Company, $9,074: Truman ifc Cooper, $10,270; Green Bay Dredge & Pile Driver Co., $1,1,332; W. T. Casgraln. Tfl 2,840. Peiisaukee, for 1,500 lin¬ ear reet slab pier, F. B. Gardner, $0,155: Green Buy Dredge ot Pile Driver Co., $10 - 005; W.T. Casgraln, $12,340. Wo havo just roooived a lottor from L. Kiitzensteln &Co.,'of New York, in wHcb. ihey any "We are at present vory busy In supplying our packing for marine engines. We would name a fevy which 'we havo fur- nlshed,tlioae hist few-weeks, tVo repir-fced, the stuffing boxes of piston rods nnd valves of the steamers Servla and Gallia, of the Cunard Steamship Company. The latter has beon running with the same packing threo years. Also for the two new German steam- *rs Fuldn and Werra and other steamers of llie North German Lloyd, also tho two now steamers or (he Hamburg American Packet ' C.....puny, Persia and Hammonla, which #o lilted up nil through, from the main ongino down to the smallest stuffing box on board ' and others pf freight lines. We also fitted' ' up steamers built by John Roach A Son. Morgan Iron Works, or tills city and Ches¬ ter, Pa., also tho Harlan & Holllgsworth Co., Wlliiilnglon, Dei.; Hartford Engineer¬ ing Co., Hartford, Conn., besides a good many tugboats and river steamers and sta- ■ tlonary engines. Tho groat United States Marino Hospltnl off Chicago (In lako view) had-a narrow os- eape recently from destruction by fire. Fire .Ignited in some way orf the extreme upper lloor In the central part of the building—it Is supposed from spontaneous combustion. The lire could not have originated In any <jiber way. It bad been burping some tlmo before dlscoveri-d, for tbo reason that thero was no oneon that floor, and had It got much .....re headway the elegant structure—con- . sldered In be one of the flne.t and most com- plem United Stales ho»p|n.its In the country —might have been reduced to ruins. Stew- i.rd Vilhird, In Ids rounds, chanced to ascend to the upper floor, howevei, In the nick of ilino. Ho Immediately gave the alarm and all hands wero speedily at work. Surgeon " Miller was In the hospital at the lime, and under his management and lend the flames were brought under control and Anally ex¬ tinguished. The hospital has all (lie neces¬ sary appliances, always kept iii^worklng order, ami to tills fact and the ifrompt and ein'-getlc action of Surgcon^M-rUer, Steward Vltlard, iiml the oilier Hitachi's, and soma Inmates Is due the saving of t|iU magnlfleent building and llie thousands ol dollars It cost. The damage Is only about $5U0, HOIST THE BANNER. Corrugated Hjixnll Flour is knocking for admission nt uv6ry door In tho Innjl, and the mistress of each household Is crying out: •'Eureka I Eureka I" as the palatable loavoa (togeiher with a, tew small fishes.) oomo smoking from tliu oven. Pshaw I Swayne's Ointment heats everything for the cure of piles mid all skill diseases. Millions of peo¬ ple are being made glad through Its use No "quack" there; Itiioos all that Is claimed lor It. Try It, yo w.lio suffer. All tho lead- lug druggists keep It.