Kingston Chronicle, August 6, 1819, p. 2

The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

efficient annual furpiua of revenue beyond | the expenditure of the country, to the amount of five millions. Of theft five millions two are already provided out ^ of the excefs of the finking fund, after taking from that fund thiiteen millions for the public service. The remaining three mil¬ lions it is intended to obtain, in the fol¬ lowing eftimated proportions, by inctcafed taxation. The fiist article is a "consolidation of cuftoms, which, including a duty »'po° fo¬ reign wool, to the amaunt of £\oo,ooo, is txpe&ed U produce £500,000- The next fource was a malt tax, to the amount of one half the doty which was paid upon this article during the war, or is. 2d. per bushel. This is eftimated to produce £\ ,400,000. The chancellor of the ex¬ chequer obferved. however, and indeed proved from positive calculations, that this tax ought not to have the effect of occa¬ sioning any increafe in the price of beer— that important beverage of the working claries. The total repeal of the war duty had produced no corresponding diminu¬ tion, as was expected, in the price of beer. The brewing of a quarter of malt, which in May Ia(l year ctfft £9 l6s« 8d. would now coll only £6 17s. 4d.—The govern ment propofed to take gc. 4d. for the pub¬ lic, leaving a balance in favor of the brew¬ ers, upon the difference of the two prices above quoted, of £l 19s. We do hope, therefore, that no attempt will be made to increafe the price of beer, Upon the pretext of this tax. The remaining articles arc Britifh spirits, £500.000. Tobacco, £500,000, coffee and cocoa £130.000, tea £130,000, (to be raifed from 96 to 100 per cent, duty) pepper £30,000. In looking at this lift, it is pleasing to ob- ferve that none of the commodities are among the prime necessities of life, if we except beer, and that, as we have fhown, ought not to be at all affeded by the pro¬ pofed duty. We are entirely piecluded today, from doing more than to lay before our readers the above recapitulation. The manly and energetic fpe*ch of Lord Castlereagh, the quibbling and evasive one of Mr. Tierney, the caustic and fevere retort of Mr. Can¬ ning, which made Mr. Calcraft break into the ring to fave his man from a more com¬ plete ca&tigation—are topics to which we fhall assuredly return. And then, too, we (hall venture to fay a few words upon the tactics of the party, who have now proved to demonftration that their only vo¬ cation is to cavil and accufc, to embarrafs the march of the executive in every turn, and to fcreech and fl.ip their heavy wings over the ftruggling tfforts of that country wh'ife calamities they affeft to deplore with fo much si: ifter fympathy. The maj nity in favour of ministers was I97 —On Mr. Tierney's ill-fated motion, they had a majo;i y of 179. What alarm¬ ing fympt*ms in the new parliament, whofe birth was fo be-praifed ! Losdom, June 9. The Loan.— The Loan was contracted for this morning, and upon terms advanta¬ geous to the public, and, we truft, alfo to the contTa&or, Mr. Rothschild. It will be recolle&ed that the first Lord of the Treafury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer propofed for every £100 fter- ling fubfcribed,to give £80 three percent confols. and the biddings to be in the Re¬ duced. Three parties waited upon the Miniflcis this morning with their biddings—MeiTrs. Rothschild, MeiTrs. Ricardo & Co. and MeiTrs. Reid, Irving, and Co. The biddings were—Mr. Rothschild. £62 18$. 8d MeiTrs. Ricardo, £65 2%. 6d ftieffrs Reid. Irving, and Co. £6$ 108. Iutereft £4 5s. 8d. Mr. Rothschild proposing to take the loweft quantity of Reduced, was of courfe declared to be the contractor. The Chancellor of the Exchequer men¬ tioned, in the courfe of his fpeech, on Mon¬ day night, that taxes to the amount of near¬ ly nineteen millions had been repealed, re¬ duced or fuffered to expire since the teimi nation of the war. The following efli- ftate, farmed upon average of the two lad years of their collection, will (hew in what branches of the public revenue, and in what proportions, the relief has been ob¬ tained : — Property tax, £14,267,956; IVlalt Tax, England and Ireland,£2,91 2,- 571 ; Cuftoms,' Exports, Goods Coaft- wife, Tonnnge, £1,105,675 ; Assessed Taxes, Husbandry Horfci, £268,000 ; Windows &c. lrcland,£235,ooo.—Total £18,789,202. Tn the lipase of Commons the 10th, Earl Grey moved for the second reading of his bill to repeal declarations required of Roman Catholics, relating entirely to questions of faith and doctrine, and which had no reference whatever to the supre¬ macy of any foreign power. The bouse refused its second reading by a majority of 59. June 10—The Chancellor of the Ex¬ chequer last night, brought forward his Budget for the year.—The gross amount of the Supplies voted, and to he voted, for the present year, is £20,-177,000 ; to meet those supplies, Parliament had hitherto provided only £7,074,000, lea¬ ding an excels of expenditure beyond the Revenue, ofabout£l3,500,000. If this excess had been all that we were called upon to supply, the sum appropriated from ihe sinking fond would have pre¬ cisely accompli- h d it ; but, the meas¬ ure, lately adopt* d, of returning to cash payments, requires that £5.000,000 of the debt due to the Bank, should he re¬ paid this year, and £5,600,000 of un¬ funded debt, be reduced. To meet this additional charge* the loan of 12 millions has been negociated upon terms which we partly communicated yesterday, and of which a more detailed account will be found in this nay's paper. Tfc was stated by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that in order to affect the funds as little as possible, he intended to divide the 12 millions to be taken from the sinking fund, into 12 monthly payments, during which the Stock would remain in the name of the Commissioners. In the Jan¬ uary and July quarters, however, only £900,000 would be called for monthly (instead of one million) and in the April and October quarters, £1,100.000. Tbis scale of appropriation would siiil leave about £310,000 per month applicable t*> the reduction of the national debt. In the ensuing year it is calculated that a loan of only four millions will be requi¬ red, to complete the remaining payments to the Bank, supposing Parliament should a^ain sanction the application of 11 mil¬ lions from the sinking fund. After next year, no more Loans will be necessary during the continuance of peace. London, June 10.—We are sorry to learn that dreadful storms have ravaged many places in the South of France. A letter from-Orthez, dated the 25th ult. says, that on u the preceding night, about three o'clock, several thousand farmer*, inhabiting more than sixty adjoining Communes, had the misfortune to see dis¬ appear, in the space of an hour, one of the richest harvests, the fruit of their toil and labour. A dreadful hailstorm beat every thing to the ground, so that it is impossible to describe the deplorable state of the vines, the corn and the fruit trees : all is ravaged—all is lost."— Another letter from Pan, dated the 28th ult. says, uthe storms in this unhappy country succeed each other with a rapid¬ ity which excites despair. Communes spared at ui$ht are overwhelmed before next morning. To-day, a part of the Canton of Pan has been ravaged : the vines broken, the com cut up, and 3ft hay destroyed; hailstones were gathered of the size of a pullet's egg." Petersburgm, May 15.—r" The port of Cronstadt is entirely free from ice ; fifty ships have already entered the har¬ bour, thirteen of which are loaded with the productions of the South. 44 Many persons, who pretend to be well informed, continue to assert, that our august Sovereign has returned a let¬ ter, addressed to him by King Charles John (Bernadotte,) unopened, the con¬ tents of which, being known by duplicate, were at variance with acknowledged forms, and might have been seriously of¬ fensive to the feelings of our Monarch. Stockholm, May24,—Ci If wemay cre¬ dit the rumours in circulation, a consid¬ erable body of troops is assembling in the environs of Petersburg. With re¬ gard to our own military establishment, it is at its effective height, and we do not see how it can be augmented. It is said, that in Denmark, all the military absent on leave, or furlough, have been recalled. " Other reports, which do not guaran¬ tee any more than the above, notice an invitation made to the Prince Regent by a great Continental P wer to form a strong camp upon the Elbe, which is to be in communication with a neighbouring State. " A letter, dated Stockholm, May 17fh, states,—M Count Pos;-e, who mar¬ ried the second daughter of the Prince de Canino (Lucien Bonaparte,) has just left Sweden for Italy, to join his father* in-law." BRITISH PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LOnn^-.Tus-E 10. State of the Nav?< The Earl of Darnlcy made some obfer. vati >ns on the papers relative to the ftate of the navy, which had been lately laid on the tablcbut as his Lordship spoke in a low tone of voice, and the bar was very crowd¬ ed, we could not correctly hear what fell from him. From the perufal of the paper in his band, he admitted that in no former period of our naval hiftory did the navy appear on the whole to have been in a (late of greater efficiency in time of peace. He fpoke ftrongly in approbation of the exertions of Mr. Seppings, whofe improve¬ ments had been of great advantage. Not¬ withstanding the praife which he thought generally due to the Admiralty, there were fome particulars with refpect to the Rate of the navy which he tkought it right to notice, as they might be of importance in cafe of the country being involved in a conteft. He could not overlook the naval power of another country—he meant the United States of America, which the e^ vents of the laft war had tended to raife to a ftate of confidcration. It appeared from the papers that mtans had been taken for building {hips of large dimenfions, corres¬ ponding with thofe of the fame rate built by other powers- It was known that the American two deck (hips were fuperior to thofe of the fame rate built in this coun¬ try, both as to guns and men. He did not, however, think it would be advifablt to have all the Britifh navy raifed to the fame fcnle. It appeared to him, that to attempt fuch a meafure would be only a nfelefs wafte of money. The Ameiican frigates were of a very fuperior clafs com¬ pared to the fcale on which Britifh fri¬ gates had formerly been built, but he could not think it neceflary that all the Britifh frigates fhould henceforth be built on fo enlarged a fcale. He thought it would be better to build frigates ot a fi«e between thofe formerly fitted out by tbis country and the American frigates. This feemed the more advifable, as the latter could not be expected to be very numerous. In the piefent ftate of the country, economy in every department was molt di Arable, but he did not think the naval fervice one in which economy ought to be too ri¬ gidly enforced. Every reduction that CGU]^byV>ar3c, confidently with the great object ot havjng t^e navy in an efficient ftate on t.. T commencement of a war, ought to be carr;rccj jnto cffectf but nothing more fhould be attempted. He thought the number ot Hiips in aftive feivice on foreign Rations m ^ t-^. more> and the number of guard-ftip-Tkk, This change would pro- duce a greater efficiency, withon: materi¬ ally angr;.enting trie txpenfe. He had heard thai the regiment* of marines were reduced 1^ numbers below wh?.r might have been expected, but he hoped that u!c ful corps would be preferred in fuch a ftate ot t*liciency, that, in cafe of a war unfortunat.:]y occuring, it might be em* ployed with the ufual advantage to the fervice. Parliament had been occupied with mcalures of great importance ; and in particular with the great meafure of re- doting a fixed ftandard of value to the country, without which 1 here could be no fecwrity for any improvement. Amidft, however, the great qucftions to which the attention of the Legislature was called, thia fubject of the navy ought not to be omitted ; when all the papers were print¬ ed, he fhould, perhaps, again troublejheir Lordfhips witk fome obfervationson them. The practice of impreffing fearncn had been long a fubject of complaint and re¬ gret. He was afraid, that on a fuddea emergency, the navy could not be manned without the imprel9. It would, hovvever, be advifable for their Lordfhips to confider how far the evils of that practice might, without public inconvenience, he diminifh* ed. He concluded by moving that the papers be printed. Lord Melville exprefTed his acknow* ledgments to the Noble Lord for the can¬ did and hat'dfome manner in which he had fpoken of the fta»e of the navy, lie con¬ curred in (he propriety of this country building (hips on a fcale fimilar to thofe With which our navy migi)t proUblyhave to contend. It was ,^e duty of the Le¬ giflature to look fr'^vard t0 the future, and to be prepared to maintair., on any emergency, that nav^j grcatnefs and fu- premacy which the Country had acquired. With refpect to the dfouenfioBS 0f the fhips of war, it is true tha* fnrnc Were building on a fcale confiderabiy bcy.ind what had formerly been thought proper for the fame rate. He did not, h^vvcvcri think that ail the two-deckers of \h-it navy ought to be raifed to that fcals. Many vclfels were wanted for convoy «,n(3 other purpofes in time of war, and frigates and /hips of the line might be employed, though not con¬ ducted on fo large a rca]e a8 thofe of other powers with which the country might hap¬ pen to be at war. &t the fame time he did not concur with the Noble Earl in his opinion, that it would be proper to build fhip«3 of an intermediate fize between that fcale hitherto adoptetj Jn the navy and that of ether countries. He did not think it right to place the c.(5ceis of the Britifh navy in a fituaiion which would compel them to go in:o aftion with a great difpa rity of force. Were fiiips f)f the defcrrp- tion the Noble Earl fu^tftcd to be built, it would be a clnfs different from any u\her in the navies of Europe, or of the United States of America. The officers of the Britifh navy would 'herefcre be placed in fhips of a kind with which it was not pro¬ bable they would ever have the opportuni¬ ty of encountering. With regard to what the Noble Earl had fefd, as to the number of guard fUip^ corrip»r..<J vritli th* "»>•«-* fhips in commiffion, he hought that upon rcflction he would per^ive that there was no disadvantage in that frangement. The men employed in the ^uard fhips could be removed to others a a moment's no¬ tice; and the havingthez for fuch a transfer would be very ufeful onany an emergency. The Noble Earl had albded to the date of the marines, and he concurred with him in hisview cf the propriety of maintainingthat corps in that efficient ft-tc. No force was, in his opinion, more ueful ;han the ma¬ rines ; and he could aflue the Noble Earl, that any report of an mention to reduce them to a fcale lower nan that of the lad peace ellablifhment wasiounded in miftake. Lord Darnley explained. After which the papers were oiderei to be printed. London, June 10. Covent Garden Thuttre.—Mrs. Sid- dons appeared once m»re for the benefit of Mr. C. Kemble, a* Lad}) Randolph. The theatre was crowied from an early hour in every part, *nd the particular friends of Mr. C. Kenble were accom¬ modated with seats n the Orchestra, which was fitted up foithe occasion. The symphonies between he acts were per¬ formed behind the series. When the great attraction of threvening wade her entrance, the spectator i" the pit, box¬ es, and galleries, all stood up and hailed her in the most enthu^tic manner. A tribute due to her faror, bringing back all the proudest recoi^t'tious of her cele¬ brated life, could notbuthave a momen¬ tary effect upon her Actings. She how¬ ever, soon divested ft* mind of every idea, save what bHorrfcd to the charac¬ ter which she had to ^stain, and it was here peculiarly, in tr^ complete surren¬ der of her thoughts anrsensations to those of Lady Randolph, that the ascendancy of her talent was exhibited> and its high reputatioiijustified. When sIw listened, she caught every sou"1 ln her soul which was breathed on hf* car- '^he ever changing expiession <{ her countenance, the animation of her -y*s>the motion of her lips, (he cloqu«>'ce of her gesture, the variety of her a« lddes> Pr°*e<* that the spirit within wt£ kindled in all its divinity, and that it freely recognized theinrtuenceofaddedyears- This is the secret of dramatic el!**) for this Perpet¬ ual attention upon tr2 performer's part to the buiiuess of the *ceoe> £*es the au¬ ditor's wind upon the same Oirject, find thus creates that delusion which is at once the wonder and delight of the hu¬ man intellect. In this qualification of her profession, Mrs. Siddons still stands without a rival. Her narrative of the birth and supposed fate of Douglas, the questioning Old NafV(flatter the discov¬ ery of the jewels, and the last parting with Douglas, were all in the finest style. We were much gratified in the scene of the recognition of her son, by (lie eagerness with which the public sei¬ zed an occasion to testify their high esti¬ mation of her. When Douglas zski— " But did my sire^u-pa*^ the rest of men, " As thou excellesi all ot womankind ?" a burst of applause ensued, which con¬ tinued for some time without intermis¬ sion. We wish it were possible she could often appear, for the^ frequent contemplation of such a model would do more in the present state of the stage to¬ wards reforming a certain false taste in acting that now prevails, than any other circumstance that can be named. A letter from Irun, in Spain, dated the 12th of this month, says, that a peasant has found in a field near Vittoria, a very valuable diamond.—There is every rea¬ son to believe that it belonged to Joseph Bonaparte, who lost all the riches and valuable effects which he was carrying away, in consequence of the total defeat of the French army, near that city. The value of the diamond is stated to be about 400,000 reals (100,000 francs.) London, June 1 r. We are forry to ftate that the news from the Cape of Good Hope is of the mod fe- nous description. Letters and papers to the end of Marck have been received. All tne inhabitants, capable of bearing arms, were ordered to join the military force. Wt 'have reccivecl tlamburgh aucTDutcJh Mails. The King of Prussia has had an awkward accident. Diverting himfclf in defcending a Kuftlian mountain (a pastime well known in Paris*} his Mrjefty's sledge was overturned, by which he bruifed his face and broke the lower part of the bridge of his nr fe. The broken pieces of bone, however, were immediately extracted, and no ferious confequences were anticipated from the circumllances. The Emperor of Aoftria has granted a pension of 500 florins to the widow of Hoffer, the celebrated Tyrolese Chiefcain, and one of 200 florins to each of his four daughters, with a promifc of 500 florins on their marriage. H- ffer's son is to be placed in an inn at the public expence. An article from Stockholm, contained in thefe papers, indicate, with evident re¬ luctance, fome unea?inef<i at the various ru¬ mours which prevail with refpeft to that country. London, May JT. The Carlisle Weavers.—The following account of the proceedings of these men, in the pursuit of their object, namely, an increase of wages, is copied from a Carlisle paper of Saturday last: " We have already adverted to the low rate of wages which the manufacturers of this neighbourhood hive for fome lime patt been compelled to allow their gingham weavers, in confequence of the depressed stats of this branch of trade. 11 It is natural that this state of things «VrmM h* r^nd"^ "e -pf cnrrtriliTnt* nnd agitations. 1 he SUl&rieTS congregated together, and it will be seen by the pro¬ ceedings in Parliament that they have peti¬ tioned the Legislature to be removed to fome of the Colonies. Perhaps it would be going too far to believe them all earnest in this request, their real intention is pro¬ bably to fix the public attention upon their condition, and thus to gain fome kind of relief. " On Tuesday evening, they assembled upon the Eands in great numbers, a Com mittee of 12 was appointed, and the whole body agreed to the publication of an Ad¬ dress, which was read in manuscript, &c. The following day many of the leading men determined not to work unless the manvifacturers allowed them more wages, and thsy went from shop to shop in every part of the town and neighbourhood, and compelled all others to follow their exam¬ ple, taking the unfinished work from the looms, and fending it home to the masters. In the evening they again afiembled on the the fands, to hear a letter from Mr. Carwen read, in answer to one transmitted with the petition before alluded to. On Thursday, strong parties went to Penrith, Wigton, Daloton, Brampton, Longtown, &c. and compelled the weavers there to follow their example. Many would fain have continu¬ ed their labours, but were forced to desist by threats of all kinds of visitations." From the Washington City Gam. of July 23 STATE OF VENEZUELA. BY A ROYALIST. A Spaniard, refident of the city of Ca- raccafl, and in the intereft of the Royalifts, lecently arrived in this country, gives the following ftatement of affairs in the Pro¬ vince of Venezuela: That many of the inhabitants of the in¬ terior in favour of the royalifts, have, in confequence of the protracted warfare car¬ ried en by the patriots, quitted the inte¬ rior towns, and repaired to the city ef Ca- raccas ; that this emigration, in order to get as far as pofllble out of the reach of the viciflitudes of war, h38 fo far augmen¬ ted the population of that capital, that it now contains nearly as many inhabitants (about 50,000) as it did prior to the great earthquake which buried in its ruins fo many of its citizens, in March, 18 12 : that whole ftrcct8 have been rebuilt ; and that the public fun&ionaries of the royalifts re fide there, as heretofore, for the adminis¬ tration of gsrernment: that a mint it no\r in operation there, for coining provincial money to defray the expenses of the war: that the royal army confids of 2,000 Spa- nidi troop3, and 4,000 Creole militia : that General Morillo, captain general of Ca- raccas, is popular both with the army and people ; [this is very doubtful,] and that he grants many indulgences to the lattcrf particularly their favourite exhibition of bull-fights, not with ft anding the interfe¬ rence of the clergy who are againft it: that, on a late occaiiun, in order to height¬ en the dfveiiion, Morillo had the red-coat uniforms, stripped from fome Britifh pri- forierSj taken fighting under Bolivar, ufed indead of cloaks to irritate the bulls, put on the arms of the combatants, who enter. ed the arena. This novelty gave great fatisfactfon to the populace, who teftified their approbation by contemptuously ex¬ claiming againd the Britifh partifaus for fighting again ft them. We learn that Morilio lias promoted fe. veral Creoles, or native?, to important civil appointments : and that the higheft eccle« fiaftical office is aftually fitted by a Creole prieft, who was formerly a member of the republican congrefs ; that he evinces a ftrong difpof.tion, to try the policy of con¬ ciliating the natives. The abfencc of Bolivar, who has fet out with the main part of the army, to join the patriots of New Granada, at St. Fe, will prevent any further military operations this campaign, though it is afTerted that Mo¬ rillo has been always on the alert, per¬ forming long and tedious marches, endea¬ vouring to bring the patriots to a general battle, which they have as cautioufly avoid¬ ed. ( As to the poffeffion of the plains in the interior, which the patriots fpeak of, the royalifts pretend they are of no more ad- vantaae than fo rr^^\ Jr3ffite^x>f jVa ' >"r<* only partially inhabited, and fubjeft to fre¬ quent inundations from the Apure and 0- ronoko. By the fame fource we learn that at La Guira. there exists no apprehenfion of an attack from the Margantia naval forces: that they feel so fecurc they have actually turned their attention to internal improve¬ ments, in reviving an old projed to con- ftruft a carriage road, to the city of Ca- raccas by the Way of Cape Blanco, in¬ tended to be more commodious than the prefent, which prefents many obstacles to the traveller, by croffing the fummit of a great mountain, but which in faft adds very much to the fecurity of Caraccas in cafe of invafion by fea. The refources of Cuba, Ft 19 faid, have largely contiibuted to the fupport of the war of Venezuela ; the moft valuable mili¬ tary (lores, aa well as money, having been drawn fiom thence. On the whole, the royalifts confider themfebres out of dan¬ ger, for the prefent, and that in addition to the many ftrong places they hold, both on the Main and in the interior, St. Fer¬ nando has been added during the prefent year. [ This pofl was razed to the ground before Bolivar evacuated it.] As opportunities but feldom occur to get information direft from the Royalifti, we have been very paiticulai to fet every thing down that appeared interefting and to give it to our readers as we received it; only reminding therh to make allowances for party feeling as it comes from an fn- terefred quarter ; but ftill we believe many prefent ftate of affairs in Venezuela. fyom the Boston Daily Adv. of ffuly 24* The St. Louis Gazette, after givinjj fome account of the testimonies existing in fupport of tbe opinion that there is now inhabiting the fouthern branches of the MiRf.uri a race of men defcending from the Welsh emigrants, who embarked to the number of 323 perfons, in ten veffeli under Prince Madoc, in the year 1170 from North Wales, mentions that an expe* dition is now on foot for a thorough in¬ vestigation of the fact. The perfona en¬ gaged in the undertaking are Meflrs. Ro¬ berts and Parry, Welchmen, who fpeak the language of North and South Wales- It is faid that they are induftrious, perfe- vering men, and that they will purfuc the fearch as long as the probability of a di* covery exifta. In the year 179 J and 1796 John Tho¬ mas Evans and John Mackay afcended the Miflburi to the Mandan villages, 1700 miles from St. Louis, in fearch of thefe Welch Indians, and after an abfence of two years, returned without fuccefs. But it is faid thefe people are located by the m^ft credible authorities 2000 miles from the mouth of the Miflburi, and confequent- ly 300 miles from the termination ot the journey of Evans and Mackay. Their fruitlefs fearch therefore i9 not regarded as furniffcin? ar.v fatisfactary folution of thia interefting problem. From Niks9 Register. WANT OF EMPLOYMENT. The greatest evil to be deprecated la the present deranged state of things, will be the dead loss incurred by casting ma¬ ny thousands of productive persons into* the cousuming classes of the people.— Most of our manufactories have stopped or are about to stop, aud every branch of mechanical industry is reduced from onethirdto one half of its recent amount: the first, by the great sacrifice that is made of imported goods, by bankrupt owners in England or bankrupt impor¬ ters here, to raise money to riot upon un¬ til their accounts with their creditors are settled tC according to law"—the ef¬ fect on the others is produced by the sud- deu stoppage of the circulation of mo¬ ney, in consequence of the frauds com¬ mitted in banks, and the jealousy and fear which these iu&titulioos have of one

Powered by / Alimenté par VITA Toolkit
Privacy Policy