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6 THE MARINE RECORD. DfePAKTMKNT OP COMMENCE. ' The lolloping bill Tor nn not to cambllsli a Department of Commoroe lias been endorsed by the Nutloiml Board of Trnde: Be it enacted, etc., That {here ahull bo, add heniby U, eat/ilillalied an Executive Depart¬ ment to bo culled the Department of Com¬ merce. Said department slinll bo charged with the gupervlalon and euro of tho com¬ mercial, manufacturing, and mining inter- eala of the United Statea, In ao far aa the nnmo may bo confided to tho National Oov- ornmentby theCotiatitutlon. 2. Said di'piirtiuont bIiiiII be charged with the execution of all the luws of the United Stated relntlug to trade and commoroe, both foreign and domestic; to rivers and harbor*; to lighthouse, pott uhaigua, quariuilino, emigration, plllotage, tonnage, and the ineaa- urement, registry, enrollment and licensing of voasuU, and generally of all umbers In¬ cluded <u llio navigation luws; And ahull have the siipi rvlsion and control ot all the officers and ngenta sppolnti'd to carry all atroh 1 iwb Into ullect. 3. Said ilepiiruient'ahull collect, collate, ■ and tabulate statistic) relating to the,.vvin- merce, iniiiiiilnuftires, and mining of- the United Statci>, and publish and circulate the same In such way as may be^provlded by law. '" 4. Said (.opai tmont shall, from time to time, cnuuuunluats to the executive depart¬ ments the Information received by It, from Its correspondence and Inquiries on matters under the cuie ol said department, accom¬ panying the sumo with slich eug|{ostloi)« as may bo uselnl for correcting defects in' treaties, luns or regulations, or for tho amendment of the same, lor the protection of the poisons and Interests 6f the people of the United States. 5. Said department shall carefully exam¬ ine and eoinparo all State laws and regula¬ tions on the subject ot manufactures, mining, trade, and commerce, and also all loo»[ usages, customs, and charges which aflect commeice among the several States; and where the same shall he found solely under the control of tho soveial Statts, endeavor, by eorrcspondeuco with the State govern¬ ments, to secure uniformity In the State laws on those subjects. 0. In solar as Ibis act shall npeiate to transfer poueis and duties from other exec¬ utive dcpaitinuuts to the department hereby established, tho secretary ol said department shall, aftei conference with the secretary of the department from which transfers are to be made, report to the President what trans- lore should tic made, and, on the approval (hcreol by the fiusulent, such translersshall be carried Into cllcct, and (lie clerks and other officers connected therewith shall be placed under the supervision and control of tho Department of Commerce. 7. The officers of said department shall bo a secretin}' and assistant sccretar), to be appointed by the IJiesldent, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. 1'hey shall hold theso offices for the same limo and un¬ der the same tenure, and leceive the eaine'l compensation as may be payable to the sec¬ retaries iidiI assistant secretaries or the Treasury Department. In the absence or Inability ol the secretary to act the assistant secretary shall net pro tempore. 8. There shall be a chief clerk and such additional clerks and oilier officers as may be be provided by law, who shall be appointed by the secretary, leyelvosuch compensation aa may be Irxed by law, and hold their ol- rices at the pleasure it th^Secretary. 0. The Secretary of said department shall annually, in the month of October, make a rerlort to -he President, to bo by him laid -be¬ fore Qongress at Its next session, vlilch shall contain an account of the operations of the department for tho year ending the 30th of June preceding said report And In said reports the Secretary shall make sucli sug¬ gestions for tho amendment and improve¬ ment of the laws and regulations- that per¬ tain to the matters conllded to the care of tho department, as from the Information re¬ ceived by It or fiom the experience of the practical workings of such laws, ho shall deem of impoitance to the public Interest. 1U. That so much ol any law as Is hereby altoied oi supplied bo, and tho satno hereby is, repealed HIE CANALS RcpieBoutativu Wemple, of this State, has oilgiualed a bill to authorize the permanent improvement of the Erie canal by the Unit od blates. The bill authorizes and directs tho secretary of the treasury to pay Into the treasury' of the State ol New York the sum ot $1,000,0(10 annually for the purpose of making Improvements to the Erio canal In the way oT constructing and repairing walla, leaks, etc., ol a Hxetl and permanent char¬ acter. Section two provldea: That said sum of $1,0(10,000 shall be paid annually, commenceiug .September 1, 188-1. anil Sep¬ tember lstloi each and ovoiy year (lioreaf- let lot ten years, or while said can il shall be maintained by said State of Nn« York free to the commerce of [lie United Slates, and said sum herein named shall bo paid out when received by the treasuici ot the Mate, on tlie requisition of the supeilutoudeiit ol public works of said State, to be bj hlm'ex penUeU on the works and Improvements to said canal of n ponnaiient cluuacter only. Whether this measure shall leieive favor¬ able consideration or.nor, It Is ii-ttainly a step In the right direction. There Is. noth¬ ing more evident to tho careful observer than that the canals of this State muat be greatly improved by an Increased capacity or they will be abandoned In a few years, aa the canals ol othor Statea have betn aban¬ doned. The pcnplo of the State of New York muat now tax themselves over a million of dollars annually, to ninlntnln the canals, to provide for the sinking fund, and pay In¬ terest on the canal debt, without making any permanent Improvements or In any way Increasing their capacity lor business. It la eafe to conclude that with the present tem¬ per of iho people that la about the extent to which they will allow themselves to be taxed. The canals are therefoio much more likely to lall into decay than otherwise. As a connecting link between the commerce ol the great North west and the Hudson river the No" York canals aro of great value to the whole country. Why, then, should not the national Government do Its share to¬ wards Improving them? Why should tho people of the State ot New York tax them¬ selves to the cxtentofmlllionsof dollars an¬ nually that the people of the Northwest may have a cheap road to their market unless the pepple more particularly benefited will show a disposition to charge themselves with some portion of the burthen? Mr. Wom- ple's bill will be found to have merit In It.— Oiaego 7'imes. " MB. KOACH oVfKEE SHIPS. Mr. Roach says that shipbuilding mate¬ rial doss not cost any* more In this country than in England, but that'labor does. He says also that nearly one-half of the cany capaolty.'IlesolutlonJ were offered to amend the rules of atoam whistles and safety valvea and all boilers nnd sots ol boilers, to have attached to them at least one steam gauge, whloh ahull correctly Indlcato a pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure applied by tho local Inspectors. SAIUNu'lO.NNAGh. It appears from caielully compiled sta¬ tistics that the sailing tonnage of the United Stntos on tho 80th nf Juno last amounted to 3,822.203 tons, against 2.810,108 tons on tho 30lh of June, 188?, and the steam tonnage of the country amounted to 1,413,104 tons, as against l,2oo,82B toija on Juno 30, 1882. The tonnage of Amorlran vessels engaged in (hv.tnrelgn trade nflhu United States In- ciiiimiI from 1,259,492 tons on June 30,1882, to 1,202.081 tons nn June30,1883, The ton¬ nage built in tho United Slates amounted to 205,430 Ions during the venr ending June 30,1883, as against 282,200 tons built during the year ending June 30,1881. In ourenm- merce with torelgn countries there la still a large preponderance ol (orelgn vessola en - ployed, 'i'he.tonnago 0/ American vessels entered at sea purtsof the United States froVn foreign cpuntries amounted to2,83-1,081. tons tint Ing the last Aseal year, lis against 2 008 • 200 tons during the previous fiscal year; and the tonnage ol Inreign vessels entered at spa pons of tin United States amounted to 10,- 620,176 tons, as against 11,688,200 tons dur¬ ing 1 he preceeding fiscal year. In 1856-thc touuaireot American vessels entered at our Heliports irotn foreign countries amounted to 3.104,275 tons and constituted 711-2 per I"-'",""","";"'",""";'.TV", ""," "' ,'------;;.■' lonm, ul liio lotal tonnage entered; ami in ing trade of the wot Id Is done In sa ng ]g„8 , alter the termination of £!£ "™*" ".'T.',.bU"l"0?^!,' .I"'"^I the «'.r. the1 tonnage of American vessels ships cheaper than any other nation. II declares that we can build Iron ships within live per Cent, as cheaply as It can be done on the Clyde. He declines that our material Is cheaper than elsuwhere. He states that both France and Germany have tried a free ship law and found It a failure. All these statements Mr. Roach puts torth as the best arguments against the policy of free ships. He is not unlike the old cheap Johns at the county fairs, who oflered a trumpery article tor a shilling and then attracted buyers by addiui; 111'icle alter 111 tide to the list until quite a respectable pile of odds and ends were to bo given to the puichaser, all for a shilling, but the whole lot. being dear-it halt the p'lce. Mr. Roach's statements con¬ tradict eacli othei. Ho does not want free ships, or fieeslilbiilldlng inaieilal, because our materials aro cheaper than can be- pur chased elbewhere. What liaiuiMo dune II, under such circumstances, shipbuilding ma¬ terials are put on the tree list• It Mr. Roach is right In his statements materials will not be imported, but yet concession Is mado to a growing public demand by making Uiem tree. He does not want free sli^ps, because our higher labor makes our own vessels eost much more, and yet almost In the same breath he declines that difference to be only five per cent. He Intimates that as half tho car¬ rying tradoof the world Is done wlth-sailiug ships and that 11s wo can build sailing ships eheapei than othei people, we c in control a large propoi tlon of the can) lug trade with¬ out resorting to foreign vo-sels. And yet weeontiol bi t a very i-iuull proportion of tills tiade and our hold Is growing weaker. It Is surprising that Mr. Roach should ad¬ vance this proposition alter he has for veins urged upon Congress the necessity of home buTIt Iron Bieamships and a subsidy as the only means by which this country can ae euro Its former place In ocean navigation. Il Mr. Roach is right about the sailing ships then the subsidy Is not wanted. II be Is right about the subsidy t(ion his argument about the sailing ship tails to pieces. There is a way out of the dilemma, but it Is over the fact that neither statement of Mi. Roach Is worth attontentlon. There Is no evidence to support them. The other statement that Franco and Germany Imyo found the free ship law a failure litis Mr. Roach alone (Or its authority. The law has -not been a fail¬ ure In either country, It Mr. Roach cannot make a bettor argument against fiee ships than those tlgmentsof his Imagination stated above, ho had better retire entirely fiom the lists. Ho U piobably the strongest oppo¬ nent of Ik e snip policy In tho country, and the very fact that his arguments against it cannot bo substantiated, and that ho has to depend upon vague staleui-iits which he tries to make acceptable and trustworthy under the guise of statistics, show more than anything else tho weakness of the prote >- tlon theory foi shipping. Mi, Roach would bo bettor employed were he to use tha[ in¬ fluence, which be unquestionably possesses, to secure the removal of those many bur¬ dens which he trulj says make, the cost of running American ships ao gronf as almost to prevent competition with foreigners.— ItaitUmellnit?— SUPEKVlfSINU INSI'ECIORS The Bonrd/of Supei vising luspectois of hteain Vessels iV't last week in Washington, General Duinmi\iireslilliig M. V. Sdsou and W. P. Pun", o\New York„ submitted an Improved steam nVnrdlng gauge tin the approval of the boaid.XM. White, of North Adams, Mass, pieseutedlor approval a new nautical signal nppiiiatus, anil A. Ouue anil' J. M. Gibson, ol Chicago, submitted a 10- qui'ut that the Orinu salety valve, appiowd heretoloro by the boaitl, be placed 011 an cijual footing with safety valves ot the same I entered amounted to 2,465,005 ions and eon stltuted 44 2(1 per cent the total tonnage entered, but of the total tonnage entered nt sea ports of the United States from foreign countries dining the fiscal year 70 per cent, consisted of lorelgh tonnage, and only 21 per cent, of American tonnage. The amount of American tonnage entered has exhibited but little change since 1808, but the tonnage of foreign vessels entered hasinei eased from 3,105,020 tons In 1868, to 10,520,170 In 1883. In other words, foreign ship owners have been able to secure the entire Inci ease In our carrying trade, which Increase has been very large. LOSS OF SS. CITY OF COLUMBUS. A dispatch, January 18th announces the loss ol the steamer City of Columbus the tol!o(,,,]£ Is Ci|it dn Wight's itatiment "The City of Columbus left Boston at 3 Thursday afternoon, cairylug eighty pass¬ engers and a crew ot foity live. At 3:45 a. in. Friday, at Gayhead light, bearing south half east, the vessel struck 011 the outside ol the Devil's Btldge buoy. The wind was blowing a.gale west by north. The vessel immediately tilled and keeled over, the water breaking In and flooding the port side of the saloon. All the passengers excepting a few woman and children came on deck, nearly all wearing life preservers All the boats were eleaied away, but were Immediately swamped. The minority of tho passengers were washed u\ erboard. Several passengers left the vessel on a lite raft, and about forty moro look to the rigging. At 1:30 a. m.. the Giiyhead lifeboat put oft and took seven per¬ sons, and another lifeboat put off between 12 and 1. Tho levenue cutter Dexter came along about 12:30, and sent off two boats. Twenty-one persons, one of whom was dead, were placed aboard the Dexter, and after all the poisons were taken from the vessel the Dexter proceeded to New Bedford. Three persons died alter going aboard the Dexter. Latest advices state that out of one hun¬ dred and twenty-five people on board at the time the steamer struck, but twenty-nine were saved, the others being drowned or frozen to death. Not one of the women lived to see the land again. The ledges on which tho City of Columbus struck aro considered by mariners to be one ot tho most dangerous polntB on the coast. The ledges consist of a formation of sub¬ merged rocks, constituting 11 double ledge, the outer strata ol which Ib called the' Devil's I Back," both ledges being called the "Devil's Bridge." Tho ledges are abreast of Qnyhead light, on the mainland, and extended n little to tho southward of It. The outer ledge bt tho Devil's Buck Ib about one-eighth of a mile from tho n alnland. On either side ol the outer- ledgo is very deep water The upper part of the ledgo Is formed liko the gable end of a Iioiibo, so that a vessel strik¬ ing it diagonally would naturally heel over, onto her beam ends Tho comse ol vessels Is around Gay hand to pass by the outer ledgo on the south. Tho City of Columbus was one ot the finest voBselson the coast. She was built In 1878 by John Roach £ Son atCliestor, Pa,, foi the Ocean Steamship Company, of New York, to run between that port and Havana. She was launched by the Boston and Savannah Moamshlp Company In September, 1880, and since has boon plying between that city and savannah, making loiinlghtly trips in allei- uatiou with hei sister ship, the Ga'o City, The Columbus was built ol Iron, and was thoroughly equipped. She was .rated Al, i and was 1,0117 tons burden. Shu was 270 feet j long and JO leet beam, and hud pns-cuger aciommodatlons foi elght)-four llrst-class and loity-llve steoud-eluss jiassetigtrs. TJ10 stcomhlp was Intmicd at a lower rate than any vessel nn the coast. She was valued at $800,000, and was Insured for $250,000— $170,000 In English nnd (80,006 In American companies. Captain S. E. Wright Is a seaman of large experience nnd oxeollnut reputation. He hnd been in command nf tho steamers of the Boston and Snvnnmth lines since of 1870, and commanded tho City of Columbus since It was purchased by the lino. Ho never had an accident until last September when his vessel sunk on the bank off Nantucket. The Boston and Savannah Line ha« nn excellent record. It has carried between 150,000 and 200,000 passengers, and no life was ever be¬ fore lost. T. W, Nlckerson &, Co. ore tho Boston agents. ^ DISEASE CURED Without Medicine.' 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Vessel men SHOULD HAVE OUR MARINE LAW BOOK, Containing all points of MARINE LAW as de¬ termined by the United States Courts -ON- Ownera, Charters, Hesiutry, oDui Seamen j Freights, Towaffe, Collisions, KnroUmenU, General Averagje, Common Carriers, Duties of Seamen, Masters A Owner*, B1U of LMdlnir, Waves, Ac. Ths volumn Is handsomely lioimd lu stiff Board covers, aud line English cloth binding Books of tins kind generally cost JJOO but we will send It to any address, instago paid for 91,00, or with the MAKINE llBCOKD for one year, Loth tor only U 00 Address Mauink Ithloud Cleveland (> Capt. D. S. Webs ter. VESSEL AND IDBURANCE AQENT. Wood, Fence Posts, Bark, ETC., DOUOUT AND SOLD ON COMMISSION, Chartering and Frughtiiig of Canadian Coarse Freiiols Spialty, No. 64 Woodbrldge Street Detroit, Mlohlgan Boatwashing and general laun¬ dry in a few hours. CLEVELAND STEAM LAUNDRY, 33 St. Clair Street. Telephone 118. 64